Anti-dazzling optical laminate

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is an anti-dazzling laminate which has anti-dazzling properties and can realize excellent glare preventive properties and black color reproducibility (gradation rendering of black color at low brightness). The anti-dazzling laminate is an optical laminate comprises a light transparent base material and an anti-dazzling layer provided on the light transparent base material, wherein the outermost surface of the anti-dazzling layer has a concavoconvex shape, and the optical laminate satisfies the following requirements: Ha is more than 0% and less than 90%, Hi is more than 0% and less than 90%, and Hi/Ha is not less than 0.8 and less than 1.0, wherein Ha represents the whole haze value of the optical laminate; and Hi represents the internal haze value of the optical laminate.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority fromthe prior Japanese Patent Application No. 221193/2006 under the ParisConvention, and, thus, the entire contents of the basic application areincorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an anti-dazzling optical laminate for usein displays such as CRTs, PDPs, and liquid crystal panels.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The prevention of lowered contrast and lowered visibility caused byexternal light reflection or image reflection is required of imagedisplay devices, for example, cathode-ray tube display devices (CRTs),plasma displays (PDPs), electroluminescent displays (ELDs), or liquidcrystal displays (LCDs). Accordingly, it is common practice to providean antireflection laminate on the outermost surface of an image displaydevice from the viewpoint of reducing image reflection or reflectanceusing the principle of light scattering or the principle of opticalinterference.

In image display devices, for example, liquid crystal displays, the useof an anti-dazzling laminate as one of antireflection laminates hashitherto been known for regulating optical properties to realizeexcellent image displays. The anti-dazzling laminate is utilized forpreventing a lowering in visibility as a result of external lightreflection or image reflection within image display devices. Theanti-dazzling laminate is generally realized by forming an anti-dazzlinglayer having a concavoconvex shape on a base material. The anti-dazzlinglaminate is utilized for preventing a lowering in visibility as a resultof external light reflection or image reflection within image displaydevices.

In recent years, a demand for a higher level of definition of panelresolution has led to a higher level of fineness of the concavoconvexshape of the anti-dazzling layer. Accordingly, a concavoconvex shapehaving a broad and large curve has been regarded as unsuitable formeeting a demand for higher definition in the anti-dazzling laminatehaving the above construction and thus have not been adopted. On theother hand, when increasing the fineness of the concavoconvex shapeinvolved in higher definition of panel resolution can meet a demand forhigher definition of the panel resolution. Regarding this technique,however, it has often been pointed out that external light is reflectedfrom the display surface resulting in such a phenomenon that, forexample, the image display surface is seen white (whitening), or loweredcontrast.

When the anti-dazzling laminate is used on the image display surface ofnotebook computers and the like, a certain level of satisfactory opticalproperties can be provided. When the light transmitted through thebackside of backlight within a display is transmitted through theconcavoconvex shape face of the anti-dazzling laminate formed on theoutermost surface of the panel, however, the concavoconvex shapefunctions as Fine lenses which disturb the displayed pixels and thelike, that is, “glare,” is likely to occur. This unfavorable phenomenonmakes it difficult to attain the effect of the anti-dazzling laminateper se. In particular, the occurrence of the “glare” increases withincreasing the definition of the panel resolution, and, thus,effectively preventing this unfavorable phenomenon of ‘glare’ has beendesired.

In order to eliminate this “glare,” for example, a method has beenadopted in which surface concavoconvexes are densely provided to enhancethe sharpness and, at the same time, scattering particles different fromthe resin for anti-dazzling layer formation in refractive index areadded to, for example, impart internal scattering effect to theanti-dazzling laminate. All of proposed methods could satisfactorilysolve the problem of the “glare,” but on the other hand, they sometimeslowered the visibility of the whole image. On the other hand, in theanti-dazzling laminate, the method for preventing the “glare” inhigh-definition panels has been regarded as a main cause of anunfavorable phenomenon, for example, a deterioration in contrast such asclouding caused by surface whitening, internal scattering effect or thelike. That is, it has been regarded that ‘glare prevention’ and“contrast improvement” are in the relationship of tradeoff, andsimultaneously meeting both the requirements is difficult. In the abovemethods, for example, black color reproduction including glossy blackfeeling (wet glossy black color) in on-screen display, contrast and thelike have sometimes been poor. That is, gradation rendering of blackcolor in a light room, particularly a black color gradation differencein low gradation, cannot be regarded without difficulties resulting inlowered sensitivity. Specifically, black and gray colors are onlyrecognized as a blurred and identical color-tone black color. Inparticular, an anti-dazzling laminate having better anti-glareproperties has a significantly lowered level of visibility.

On the other hand, in a method for preventing reflection by lightinterference, means for regulating the refractive index and layerthickness of each layer known in the art is, for example, to increasethe refractive index of a hard coat layer having a clear and smoothoutermost surface and then to provide a low-refractive index layer onthe hard coat layer. According to this method, a good contrast and alowest possible reflectance can be realized (for example, toapproximately 0.1 to 0.8% in terms of reflection Y value), andreflection of an image of an external material from the surface of adisplay screen can be effectively prevented. This method, however, hasmany problems regarding production, for example, difficulties of filmthickness regulation of the coating film, and many of necessarymaterials are expensive. Accordingly, this method is unsuitable for massproduction at low cost. Although the reflectance can be minimized, insome environment where a display is viewed, image reflection cannot besatisfactorily prevented. For example, in a room having a white wall, insome cases, a phenomenon of white image reflection occurs when thesurface of the white wall is smooth. Further, the reflectance can belowered by light interference. In this case, however, interference coloroccurs, and, in some cases, white and black of the display screen arechanged to a reddish or bluish color. On the other hand, when thereflectance is not very low, since the outermost surface is smooth,effectively preventing the image reflection is very difficult.

On the other hand, a light diffusion layer having light diffusionproperties improved by bringing the ratio between the internal haze andthe whole haze to 2 to 1000 and bringing the internal haze to not lessthan 5% has hitherto been proposed (patent document 1; Japanese PatentLaid-Open No. 295729/1999). Further, an anti-dazzling laminate isproposed in which glare preventive effect and white blurring preventiveeffect can be effectively attained by bringing the whole haze value tonot less than 35% and not more than 50%, bringing the internal hazevalue to not less than 20% and not more than 40%, and bringing theinternal haze value/whole haze value to not less than 0.5 and not morethan 0.8 (patent document 2: U.S. Pat. No. 3,703,133). According tostudies by the present inventors, however, any anti-dazzling laminate,which can prevent glare feeling and can satisfactorily reproduce glossyblack feeling of images in a light room, has not been developed yet.Further, in an antireflection film formed by coating a compositioncomprising a binder and an inorganic filler, the brightness andresolution of transmitted images are deteriorated. To eliminate thisdrawback, an anti-dazzling laminate produced by forming a filler-freeorganic surface curing transparent film, covering a concavoconvex mat onthe organic surface curing transparent film, and curing the organicsurface curing transparent film (patent document 3: Japanese PatentLaid-Open No. 019301/1989) has been developed. In this anti-dazzlinglaminate, all of concaves and convexes are undulate although the shapeis a continuous sine curve. Accordingly, no flat part is present, and,in this concavoconvex shape, desired black reproduction and glassy blackfeeling cannot be realized.

Accordingly, at the present time, the development of an opticallaminate, which can effectively prevent the glare of an image surfaceand, at the same time, can realize good anti-dazzling properties andblack color reproduction, especially glossy black feeling, has beendesired. In particular, an optical laminate, which can be used in liquidcrystal displays (LCDs) as well as in other applications such as cathoderay tube display devices (CRTs), plasma displays (PDPs),electroluminescent displays (ELDs), fluorescent display tubes, and fieldemission-type displays, has been eagerly desired.

[Patent document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No, 295729/1999

[Patent document 2] U.S. Pat. No. 3,703,133

[Patent document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 019301/1989

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

At the time of the present invention, the present inventors have foundthat it is possible to provide an optical laminate which, whileimparting anti-dazzling properties, can realize the so-called glossyblack feeling (wet glossy black color) by improving the anti-glareproperty and the contrast, especially improving black colorreproduction. The present invention has been made based on such finding.

Accordingly, the present invention provides an optical laminate whichcan realize an anti-dazzling function, an excellent anti-glare property,and excellent black color reproduction and, at the same time, canrealize image display having a high level of visibility.

According to the present invention, there is provided an opticallaminate comprising a light transparent base material and ananti-dazzling layer provided on the light transparent base material,wherein

the outermost surface of the anti-dazzling layer has a concavoconvexshape,

Ha is more than 0% and less than 90%,

Hi is more than 0% and less than 90%, and

Hi/Ha is not less than 0.8 and less than 1.0,

wherein Ha represents the whole haze value of the optical laminate; andHi represents the internal haze value of the optical laminate.

The optical laminate according to the present invention can realizeexcellent anti-dazzling properties and black color reproduction havingglossy black feeling, can realize a high level of sharpness andexcellent contrast, anti-glare property, and letter blurring preventiveproperty, and can be used in various displays. In particular, theoptical laminate according to the present invention can provide anoptical laminate which is significantly improved in black colorgradation rendering (glossy black color reproduction) in a light room,which could not have been realized by the conventional anti-dazzlinglaminate without difficulties. More specifically, it is possible toprovide an optical laminate which, in an image in movie display, canrender gradation substantially comparable with a conventional displayprovided with only a laminate comprising a flat clear hard coat layerfree from any concavoconvex shape, or comprising a clear hard coat layerand an antireflection layer and, at the same time, can realize a goodsharpness of the contour of letters and can prevent scintillation. Inparticular, the optical laminate according to the present invention isadvantageous in that images which are significantly improved in blackcolor gradation rendering (glossy black color reproduction) in a lightroom can be provided.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anti-dazzlinglayer may be formed in a single layer structure. Alternatively, theanti-dazzling layer may be formed by forming a surface modifying layeron a substrate concavoconvex layer having a concavoconvex shape.Further, another optical function layer may be stacked on theanti-dazzling layer having a single layer structure or the surfacemodifying layer. In the anti-dazzling optical laminate having the aboveconstruction, a fine concavoconvex shape may be sealed in such a statethat a concavoconvex shape mainly having a smooth and gentle waviness ispresent whereby desired anti-dazzling properties can be exhibited. As aresult, when the surface modifying layer is formed, the anti-dazzlingoptical laminate can impart various functions such as antistaticproperties, hardness regulation, refractive index regulation, andcontamination prevention to the optical laminate. In the preferredembodiment of the present invention, the expression “a concavoconvexshape having a smooth and gentle waviness” as used herein means that,unlike the concavoconvex shape in the prior art which always draws awavy sine curve, the convex part has a large and smooth shape and a partbetween the convexes has a shape very close to “a flat shape” ratherthan the concave shape. In a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the presence of the concavoconvex shape can realize betteranti-dazzling properties and a high level of black color reproductionhaving a glossy black feeling.

The present invention will be described in conjunction with FIG. 4 foreasily understanding the details of the preferred concavoconvex shape.FIG. 4 shows optical microphotographs (reflection photographing;magnification: 20 times; upper diagram) of a preferred concavoconvexshape (left) In the present invention and a conventional concavoconvexshape (right), and a typical diagram of a sectional concavoconvex shape(lower diagram). From the optical photomicrographs shown in FIG. 4, itis understood that, unlike the conventional concavoconvex shape (right),the concavoconvex shape (left) of the present invention has a gentleflat part. Further, according to the typical diagram of a sectionalconcavoconvex shape in FIG. 4, the angle of the bottom (flat part) inthe concave part in the present invention to the tangential line to theprofile peak of the convex part is very small. On the other hand, as canbe seen from the optical photomicrographs and the typical diagram ofsectional concavoconvex shape in FIG. 4, unlike the present invention,the conventional concavoconvex shape (right) is substantially free fromany flat part, and the concavoconvex shape continues smoothly. In thisshape, very excellent anti-dazzling properties can be realized, but onthe other hand, since all the concavoconvexes are in a curve form, lightis diffused in every part resulting in unsatisfactory glossy blackfeeling.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical laminateaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical laminateaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical laminateaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing optical photomicrographs and a typicaldiagram of a sectional concavoconvex shape which compare theconcavoconvex shape (anti-dazzling layer) of the present invention andthe conventional concavoconvex shape (anti-dazzling layer).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

I. Definition

Resin

Curable resin precursors such as monomers, oligomers, and prepolymersare collectively defined as “resin,” unless otherwise specified.

Surface Haze (Hs), Internal Haze (Hi), and Whole Haze (Ha)

The term “surface haze (Hs)” as used herein is determined as follows. Aproper mixture of an acrylic monomer such as pentaerythritol triacrylatewith other oligomer or polymer is diluted with methyl ethyl ketone,toluene, or a mixed solvent composed of the above solvents or the liketo a solid content of 60%, and the diluted solution is coated with awire bar onto concavoconvexes of the anti-dazzling layer to a thicknesson a dry film basis of 8 μm, whereby the surface concavoconvexes of theanti-dazzling layer are rendered flat. In this case, when the recoatingagent is likely to be repelled and less likely to wet the anti-dazzlinglayer due to the presence of a leveling agent in the composition foranti-dazzling layer formation, a method may be adopted in which theanti-dazzling film is previously rendered hydrophilic by saponification.The saponification is carried out by immersing the anti-dazzling layerin a 2 mol/liter NaOH (or KOH) solution (55° C.) for 3 min, washing thefilm with water, completely removing water droplets with a Klmwipe andthe like, and then drying the film in an oven (50° C.) for one min. Theoptical laminate having a flattened surface in the anti-dazzling layerdoes not have any haze derived from surface concavoconvexes but has onlyan internal haze. This haze can be determined as an internal haze (Hi).The value obtained by subtracting the internal haze (Hi) from theoriginal optical laminate haze (whole haze (Ha)) is determined as asurface haze (Hs) attributable only to surface concavoconvexes.

Haze Value, 60-degree Gloss, and Transmission Sharpness

The haze value may be measured according to JIS K 7136. Areflection-transmittance meter HM-150 (Murakami Color ResearchLaboratory) may be mentioned as an instrument used for the measurement.The total light transmittance of the anti-dazzling laminate may bemeasured with the same measuring device as in the haze value accordingto JIS K 7361. The haze and total light transmittance are measured insuch a state that the coated face is directed to a light source. The60-degree gloss can be measured with a precision gloss meter (GM-26D,manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory) according to JIS Z8741. The 60-degree gloss is measured in such a state that, in order toeliminate the influence of backside reflection of a sample, a doubleface adhesive tape (manufactured by Teraoka Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) isapplied to the backside of a sample and a black lid of the measuringdevice. The transmission sharpness is expressed in terms of the total ofnumerical values obtained by measurement with five types of opticalcombs (0.125 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm) with an image claritymeasuring device (stock number; “ICM-1DP”, manufactured by Suga TestInstruments Co., Ltd.) according to JIS K 7105.

Average Spacing of Profile Irregularities (concavoconvexes) Sm (μm),Average Inclination Angle θa (degree) and Rz (μm)

The anti-dazzling layer constituting the optical laminate according tothe present invention has a concavoconvex shape. Sm (μm) represents theaverage spacing of concavoconvexes (profile irregularities) of theanti-dazzling layer, and θa (degree) represents the average inclinationangle of the concavoconvex part. Sm (μm) and θa (degree) may be definedas described in an instruction manual (revised on Jul. 20, 1995) of asurface roughness measuring device (model: SE-3400, manufactured byKosaka Laboratory Ltd.) in conformity with JIS B 0601 1994. θa (degree)represents the angle mode, and, when the inclination is Δa in terms ofaspect ratio, Δa=tan θa is established (sum of differences(corresponding to the height of each convex) between the minimum partand the maximum part in each concavoconvex/reference length). The“reference length” is the same as in the following measuring conditionsand is the measured length (cut-off value λc) which has been actuallymeasured with a stylus by SE-3400.

Measurement

In the measurement of the parameters (Sm, θa, and Rz) representing thesurface roughness of the optical laminate according to the presentinvention, for example, the above surface roughness measuring device isprovided. According to JIS B 0601 1994, the reference length and theevaluation length are selected, and the measurement is carried out undermeasuring conditions for the surface roughness measuring device. Thismeasuring method is favorable in the present invention.

1) Tracer in Surface Roughness Detector:

-   -   Model/SE2555N (standard 2 μm), manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory        Ltd. (radius of curvature in tip 2 μm/apex angle: 90        degrees/material: diamond)

2) Measuring Conditions for Surface Roughness Measuring Device:

-   -   Reference length (cut-off value of roughness curve λc):        1] 0.25, 2] 0.8, 3] 1.25, or 4] 2.5 mm    -   Evaluation length (reference length (cut-off value λc)×5):        1] 1.25, 2] 4.0, 3] 6.25, or 4] 12.5 mm    -   Feed speed of tracer: 0.1 to 0.5 mm/sec        (when reference lengths are 1] to 4], the corresponding        evaluation lengths are 1] to 4])

Reflection Y value

The reflection Y value is defined in JIS Z 2822 and is a valueindicating a luminous reflectance determined by measuring 5-degreeregular reflectance in a wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm with aspectrophotometer MPC 3100 manufactured by Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd. andthen converting the reflectance values to lightness which can beperceived by the human eye with a software (Incorporated in MPC 3100).The 5-degree regular reflectance is measured in such a state that, inorder to prevent the backside reflection of the optical laminate, ablack tape (manufactured by Teraoka Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) is applied tothe side remote from the film face to be measured.

Glossy Black Feeling in Light Room

The glossy black feeling is evaluated by visually observing an assemblycomprising an optical laminate provided on a panel which displays ablack color under a light room environment. When the reflection angle oflight incident on the optical laminate is wide (as in the case of aconventional anti-dazzling layer having concavoconvexes), light isreflected in all directions (diffusion reflected) depending upon theangle of concavoconvexes on the surface of the optical laminate and thenreaches the viewer's eye, making it impossible to reproduce the originalblack color. That is, only a part of the diffused light reaches theviewer's eye. On the other hand, when the incident light is intensivelyreflected to a part around regular reflection angle (as in ananti-dazzling layer of the present invention which has a gentleconcavoconvex shape and has a substantially flat concave part), lightfrom a light source is not substantially diffusion reflected and isbrought to regularly reflected light. Since light other than theregularly reflected light does not reach the viewer's eye, the originalwet black color can be reproduced. This original black color isdescribed as glossy black feeling.

Total Thickness of Anti-dazzling Layer

The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer refers to a part extendedfrom the base material on its display surface side interface to theoutermost surface of the anti-dazzling concavoconvex in contact with theair. In the part extended from the base material interface to theoutermost surface, the anti-dazzling layer has either a single layer ora multilayer structure comprising a surface modifying layer and otheroptical function layers stacked onto the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Method for Measuring Total Layer Thickness

The total layer thickness can be measured by transmission observation ofthe cross-section of the optical laminate under a confocal lasermicroscope (LeicaTCS-NT, manufactured by Leica: magnification “300 to1000 times”) to determine whether or not the interface is present, anddetermining the thickness according to the following measurementstandard. Specifically, in order to provide a halation-free sharp image,a wet objective lens was used in a confocal laser microscope, and about2 ml of an oil having a refractive index of 1.518 was placed on anoptical laminate, followed by observation to determine the presence orabsence of the interface. The oil was used to allow the air layerbetween the objective lens and the optical laminate to disappear.

Measurement Procedure

1: The average thickness of the layer was measured by observation undera laser microscope.

2: The measurement was carried out under the above conditions.

3: For one image plane, the layer thickness from the base material tothe maximum profile peak (convex) part in the concavoconvexes wasmeasured for one point, and the layer thickness from the base materialto the minimum valley (concave) part in the concavoconvexes was measuredfor one point. That is, the layer thickness was measured for two pointsin total for one image plane. This measurement was carried out for fiveimage planes, that is, 10 points in total, and the average value wasdetermined and was regarded as the total layer thickness. In this lasermicroscope, by virtue of the difference in refractive index between thelayers, nondestructive cross-sectional observation can be carried out.Accordingly, likewise, if the refractive index difference is unclear oris a value close to 0 (zero), then the thickness of the anti-dazzlinglayer and the surface-modifying layer can be determined by observationof five image planes using observation of the cross-sectionalphotographs of SEM and TEM observable by the difference in compositionbetween the layers in the same manner as described above.

II. Optical Laminate

Properties

1) Haze Value

The optical laminate according to the present invention satisfies allthe following numerical value requirements. In the following numericalvalue requirements, Ha represents the whole haze value of the opticallaminate; and Hi represents the internal haze value of the opticallaminate. Hs represents the surface haze value of the optical laminate.

Ha is more than 0% and less than 90%. Preferably, the lower limit of Hais 0.3%, more preferably 3%, and upper limit of Ha is 85%, morepreferably 70%.

Hi is more than 0% and less than 90%. Preferably, the lower limit of Hiis 0.1%, preferably 1.0%, and the upper limit of Hi is 85%, preferably70%, more preferably 55%. When the Ha and Hi values are less than 90%,the productivity of the anti-dazzling layer is high. Further, theoutermost surface of actual displays provided with the anti-dazzlinglayer has excellent internal diffusion properties, and any white imagepossessed by the display surface per se does not appear. As a result,satisfactory glossy black feeling can be realized.

Hi/Ha is not less than 0.8 and less than 1.0. Preferably, the lowerlimit of Hi/Ha is 0.85, more preferably 0.9, and upper limit of Hi/Ha ispreferably 0.98. The surface haze Hs caused by surface irregularities isbrought to the above-defined range which does not lose the anti-dazzlingproperties, and the internal haze Hi caused by the internal diffusioneffect attained by the difference in refractive index between the resinand the fine particles is regulated to the above-defined range. Theabove regulation can realize the production of preferred opticallaminates which exhibit optical properties optimal for modes in liquidcrystal, PDP, CRT, ELD and other panels.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Hs is not less than0.1 and less than 6.0. Preferably, the lower limit of Hs is 0.3, and theupper limit of Hs is 5%.

2) Sm, θa, and Rz

The optical laminate according to the present invention preferablysatisfies the following numerical value requirements. In the followingnumerical value requirements, Sm represents the average spacing ofconcavoconvexes or profile irregularities in the anti-dazzling layer; θarepresents the average inclination angle of the concavoconvexes orprofile irregularities; and Rz represents the average roughness of theconcavoconvexes or profile irregularities. In a preferred embodiment ofthe present invention, when Sm, θa and Zm values are brought to thefollowing respective numerical value ranges, as shown in FIG. 4 (left),the convexes in the concavoconvex shape are rendered coarse and,consequently, black color reproduction having glossy black feeling canbe realized on a higher level.

Sm is not less than 50 μm and not more than 500 μm. Preferably, thelower limit of Sm is 60 μM, and the upper limit of Sm is 400 μm.

θa is not less than 0.1 degree and not more than 1.2 degrees.Preferably, the lower limit of θa is 0.3 degree, and the upper limit ofθa is 0.9 degree.

Rz is more than 0.2 μm and not more than 1.2 μm. Preferably, the lowerlimit of Rz is 0.3 μm, and the upper limit of Rz is 1.0 μm.

Layer Construction

The optical laminate according to the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view ofan optical laminate according to the present invention. An anti-dazzlinglayer 4 is provided on the upper surface of a light transparent basematerial 2. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, theanti-dazzling layer 4 contains two or more types of fine particleshaving large and small sizes. Further, an optical laminate comprising ananti-dazzling layer 4 and a low-refractive index layer 6 having a lowerrefractive index than the anti-dazzling layer 4 provided on the surfaceof the anti-dazzling layer 4 is preferred.

Another embodiment of the optical laminate according to the presentinvention will be described with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is across-sectional view of an optical laminate according to the presentinvention. An anti-dazzling layer 4 is provided on the upper surface ofthe light transparent base material 2. In a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the anti-dazzling layer comprises first fineparticles A and second fine particles B (which may be coagulated) orcomprises the above two types of fine particles A and B and third fineparticles (which may be coagulated). The anti-dazzling layer 4 comprisesa substrate concavoconvex layer 8 and a surface modifying layer 9. Thesubstrate concavoconvex layer 8 may be formed in the same manner as inthe anti-dazzling layer 4 described in connection with FIG. 1. In apreferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical laminatecomprises a surface modifying layer 9 and a low-refractive index layer 6having a lower refractive index than the surface modifying layer 9provided on the surface modifying layer 9. Accordingly, it is understoodthat the anti-dazzling layer according to the present invention may beone having a single-layer structure or one comprising a substrateconcavoconvex layer and a surface modifying layer provided on thesubstrate concavoconvex layer. Accordingly, in the present invention,the “anti-dazzling layer” as used herein means both an anti-dazzlinglayer having a single-layer structure (not provided with a substrateconcavoconvex layer) or an anti-dazzling layer comprising a substrateconcavoconvex layer, a surface modifying layer, and optionally anoptical function layer. Both the anti-dazzling layer and the substrateconcavoconvex layer may be formed by substantially the same material andforming method.

An optical laminate in a further embodiment of the present inventionwill be described in conjunction with FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is across-sectional view of an optical laminate according to the presentinvention. In this optical laminate, an anti-dazzling layer 4 whichfunctions also as a substrate concavoconvex layer 8 and a surfacemodifying layer 9 is provided on the upper surface of a lighttransparent base material 2. In a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the substrate concavoconvex layer 8 comprises first fineparticles A and second fine particles B (which may be coagulated) orcomprises the above two types of fine particles A and B and third fineparticles (which may be coagulated). Further, preferably, the surfacemodifying layer 9 comprises a fluidity modifying agent C which is a kindof a surface modifying agent. Furthermore, preferably, a low-refractiveindex layer 6 having a lower refractive index than the surface modifyinglayer 9 is formed onto the surface modifying layer 9.

1. Anti-dazzling Layer

In the present invention, an anti-dazzling layer is provided on thelight transparent base material. Preferably, the optical laminate has onits surface an anti-dazzling layer having a concavoconvex shape. Theanti-dazzling layer may consist of a resin only. Preferably, theanti-dazzling layer is formed of a resin and fine particles. Thethickness H μm of the anti-dazzling layer is not less than 2 μm and notmore than 30 μm. Preferably, the lower limit of the layer thickness H μmis 5 μm, and the upper limit of the layer thickness H μm is 25 μm.

1) Difference n in Refractive Index of Anti-dazzling Layer Formed UsingComposition for Anti-dazzling Layer, Comprising Resin and Fine Particles

In the present invention, the difference n in refractive index betweenthe resin and the fine particles is preferably not more than 0.20. Morespecifically, the refractive index difference n is not less than 0.05and not more than 0.20. Preferably, the lower limit of the refractiveindex difference n is 0.07, more preferably 0.09, and the upper limit ofthe refractive index difference n is 0.18, more preferably 0.12. Whenthe difference n in refractive index between the resin and the fineparticles falls within the above-defined range, the internal haze of theoptical laminate can be imparted and uneven image in LCDs and the likeand scintillation caused upon the transmission of light such asbacklight transmitted through the optical laminate from its backside canbe effectively prevented. The term “scintillation” as used herein meansa phenomenon seen by the eye as twinkling flickering.

On the other hand, in another preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the difference n in refractive index between the resin andthe fine particles is more than 0 and not more than 0.05. The lowerlimit of the refractive index difference n is preferably 0.001, morepreferably 0.005, and the upper limit of the refractive index differencen is preferably 0.03, more preferably 0.01. When the difference n inrefractive index between the resin and the fine particles is in theabove-defined range, a high contrast and a low haze value can berealized.

In the present invention, the difference n in refractive index betweenthe resin and the fine particles is defined in the above two rangelevels. This is not technically contradictory, because the above tworange levels are necessary for realizing desired optical properties asthe optical laminate, particularly an which the optical laminate of thepresent invention is mounted, for realizing optical properties optimalfor modes in individual liquid crystal, PDP, CRT or other panels.

Fine Particles

The fine particles may be in a spherical, for example, truly spherical,elliptical form, or irregular shape, preferably in a truly sphericalform. The fine particles may be aggregation-type fine particles. In thepresent invention, the average particle diameter R (μm) of the fineparticles is not less than 1.0 μm and not more than 20 μm. Preferably,the upper limit of the average particle diameter R is 15.0 μm, morepreferably 13.5 μm, and the lower limit of the average particle diameterR is 1.3 μm, more preferably 3.5 μm (still more preferably 4.0 μm). Whenthe average particle diameter R of the fine particles is in theabove-defined range, advantageously, a proper concavoconvex shape can beformed, and a preferred thickness range can be realized in theanti-dazzling layer.

The above average particle diameter is an average particle diameter whenthe fine particles are monodisperse particles (particles having a singleshape). When the particles have a broad particle size distribution, thediameter of particles which occupy the largest proportion of theparticles as determined by particle size distribution measurement isregarded as the average particle diameter. The particle diameter of thefine particles may be mainly measured by a Coulter counter method.Further, in addition to the above method, laser diffractometry and SEMphotographing may also be adopted.

In the present invention, not less than 80% (preferably not less than90%) of the whole fine particles is preferably accounted for by fineparticles having an average particle diameter distribution of R±1.0 μm,preferably R±0.5 μm, more preferably R±0.3 μm. When the average particlediameter distribution of the fine particles falls within theabove-defined range, the evenness of the concavoconvex shape of theanti-dazzling laminate can be rendered good and, at the same time,scintillation and the like can be effectively prevented. Further, thefine particle system may be such that the above fine particles are usedas first fine particles, and a plurality of types of fine particleshaving an average particle diameter different from the first fineparticles, for example, second fine particles, third fine particles ornth fine particles, wherein n is a natural number. For example, forsmall first fine particles of which the average particle diameter R (μm)is approximately 3.5 μm, a concavoconvex layer can be efficiently formedusing fine particles having a particle size distribution with theaverage particle diameter being 3.5 μm rather than monodisperse fineparticles.

When a plurality of types of fine particles different from each other inaverage particle diameter are contained, the average particle diameterof each of the second, third and nth fine particles is preferably in thesame average particle diameter range as the above fine particles (firstfine particles).

In the present invention, preferably, the fine particles and the resinsatisfy a requirement for the total weight ratio per unit area betweenthe fine particles and the resin of m/M=not less than 0.01 and not morethan 1.2 wherein m represents the total weight of the fine particles perunit area (when a plurality of types of fine particles are present, thetotal of each type of fine particles); and M represents the total weightof the resin per unit area. Preferably, the lower limit of the m/M valueis 0.012, more preferably 0.015, and the upper limit of the m/M value is1.0, more preferably 0.3.

Aggregation-type Fine Particles

In the present invention, the use of aggregation-type fine particlesamong the fine particles may be used. The aggregation-type fineparticles may be identical fine particles, or alternatively may be aplurality of types of fine particles different from each other inaverage particle diameter, Accordingly, when a plurality of types ofaggregated fine particles are used, the fine particle system maycomprise (aggregated) first fine particles, and (aggregated) second fineparticles, (aggregated) third fine particles, or (aggregated) nth fineparticles, wherein n is a natural number, which are different from theFirst fine particles in average particle diameter. When the (aggregated)second fine particles, (aggregated) third fine particles, or(aggregated) nth fine particles are used, preferably, these particles assuch or the aggregated part as such do not exhibit anti-dazzlingproperties in the anti-dazzling layer. In the case of theaggregation-type fine particles, preferably, the secondary particlediameter falls within the above average particle diameter range.

Properties and the Like of Fine Parties

In the present invention, preferably, the fine particles satisfy thefollowing formula:0.25 R (preferably 0.50)≦R2≦1.0 R (preferably 0.70)wherein R represents the average particle diameter of the first fineparticles, μm; and R2 represents the average particle diameter of thesecond fine particles, μm.

When the R2 value is not less than 0.25 R, the dispersion of thecomposition is easy and, consequently, the particles are not aggregated.In the step of drying after coating, a uniform concavoconvex shape canbe formed without undergoing an influence of wind during floating.Further, when R2 value is not more than 1.0 R, advantageously, thefunction of the first fine particles can be clearly distinguished fromthe function of the second fine particles. For example, the function ofthe fine particles can be distinguished so that, when the first fineparticles are used for the formation of a concavoconvex shape, thesecond fine particles function to exhibit the internal diffusion effector to regulate the dispersibility of the first fine particles in thelateral direction within the film. In this case, the second fineparticles are preferably aggregated fine particles. When the third fineparticles and the nth fine particles are present, the particle diameterrelationship is preferably the same as the relationship between thefirst fine particles and the second fine particles. In this case,preferably, the second fine particles are R, and the third fineparticles are R2. The function of the third fine particles may be thesame as that of the second fine particles.

In another embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the totalweight ratio per unit area among the resin, the first fine particles,and the second fine particles satisfies requirements represented by thefollowing formula:0.08≦(M ₁ +M ₂)/M≦0.380<M₂≦4.0 M₁

wherein M₁ represents the total weight of the first fine particles perunit area; M₂ represents the total weight of the second fine particlesper unit area; and M represents the total weight of the resin per unitarea.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, arequirement represented by the following formula is satisfied:Δn=|n ₁ −n ₃|<0.15 and/or Δn=|n ₂ −n ₃|<0.18

wherein n₁, n₂, and n₃ represent the refractive indexes of the firstfine particles, the second fine particles, and the resin, respectively.

The fine particles (first, second, third, and nth fine particles) arenot particularly limited. They may be of inorganic type and organic typeand are preferably transparent. Specific examples of fine particlesformed of an organic material include plastic polymer beads. Plasticbeads include styrene beads (refractive index 1.59 to 1.60), melaminebeads (refractive index 1.57), acrylic beads (refractive index 1.49 to1.535), acryl-styrene beads (refractive index 1.54 to 1.58),benzoguanamine-formaldehyde beads, polycarbonate beads, and polyethylenebeads. Preferably, plastic bead has a hydrophobic group on its surface,and, for example, styrene beads may be mentioned. For example, amorphoussilica may be mentioned as the inorganic fine particle.

Silica beads having a particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 μm and having gooddispersibility are preferred as the amorphous silica. The content of theamorphous silica is preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass based on the binderresin. In this case, the increase in viscosity of the composition for ananti-dazzling layer can be suppressed to render the dispersibility ofthe amorphous silica good. Further, in the present invention, thesurface of the particles may be treated with an organic material or thelike. The treatment of the surface of the particles with an organicmaterial is preferably hydrophobilization.

The organic material treatment may be carried out by any of a chemicalmethod in which a compound is chemically bonded to the surface of thebead, and a physical method in which a compound is impregnated intovoids or the like present in the composition constituting the beadwithout chemical bonding to the bead surface. In general, a chemicaltreatment method utilizing an active group present on silica surface,for example, hydroxyl group or silanol group, is preferably used fromthe viewpoint of treatment efficiency.

Specific examples of compounds usable for the treatment includesilane-type, siloxane-type, and silazane-type materials highly reactivewith the active group, for example, straight-chain alkyl monosubstitutedsilicone materials such as methyltrichlorosilane, branched alkylmonosubstituted silicone materials, or polysubstituted straight chainalkylsilicone compounds and polysubstituted branched chain alkylsiliconecompounds such as di-n-butyldichlorosilane andethyldlmethylchlorosilane. Likewise, straight chain alkyl group orbranched alkyl group monosubstituted or polysubstituted siloxanematerials and silazane materials can also be effectively used.

According to the necessary function, the end or intermediate site of thealkyl chain may have a hetero atom, an unsaturated bond group, a cyclicbond group, an aromatic functional group or other group. In thesecompounds, the alkyl group contained therein is hydrophobic.Accordingly, the surface of the object material to be treated can easilybe converted from a hydrophilic property to a hydrophobic property. As aresult, even in the case of polymer materials having poor affinity inthe untreated state, a high level of affinity can be realized.

When a plurality of types of fine particles are used as a mixture, fineparticles different from each other in average particle diameter and,further, some of or all of material and shape are properly selected andused while taking the functions of the plurality of types of fineparticles into consideration as described above.

Regarding the plurality of types of fine particles different from eachother in material, the use of two or more types of fine particlesdifferent from each other in refractive index is preferred. When thesefine particles are mixed together, the refractive index of the fineparticles may be regarded as an average value dependent upon therefractive index of each type of fine particles and the ratio of use ofeach type of fine particles. The regulation of the mixing ratio of thefine particles can realize detailed refractive index setting. In thiscase, the control of the refractive index is easier than the case wherea single type of fine particles is used, and, consequently, variousrefractive index designs are possible. For example, when two types offine particles different from each other in refractive index are used, arelationship of the average particle diameter R1 of the first fineparticles>the average particle diameter R2 of the second fine particlesis preferably satisfied. Alternatively, in this case, the two types offine particles may be identical to each other in particle diameter. Inthis case, the ratio between the first fine particles and the secondfine particles can be freely selected. This facilitates the design oflight diffusing properties. In order to render the particle diameter ofthe first fine particles and the particle diameter of the second fineparticles identical to each other, the use of organic fine particleswhich can easily provide monodisperse particles is preferred. The lowerthe level of variation of the particle diameter, advantageously thelower the level of variation in anti-dazzling properties and internalscattering properties and the easier the optical property design of theanti-dazzling layer, Means for further improving monodispersibilityinclude pneumatic classification and wet filtration classification by afilter.

Antistatic Agent (Electroconductive Agent)

The anti-dazzling layer according to the present invention may containan antistatic agent (an electroconductive agent). Dust adhesion to thesurface of the optical laminate can be effectively prevented by addingan electroconductive agent. Specific examples of electroconductiveagents (antistatic agents) include cationic group-containing variouscationic compounds such as quaternary ammonium salts, pyridinium salts,primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups, anionic group-containinganionic compounds such as sulfonic acid bases, sulfuric ester bases,phosphoric ester bases, and phosphonic acid bases, amphoteric compoundssuch as amino acid and aminosulfuric ester compounds, nonionic compoundssuch as amino alcohol, glycerin and polyethylene glycol compounds,organometallic compounds such as alkoxides of tin and titanium, andmetal chelate compounds such as their acetylacetonate salts. Further,compounds produced by increasing the molecular weight of the abovecompounds may also be mentioned. Further, poloymerizable compounds, forexample, monomers or oligomers, which contain a tertiary amino group, aquaternary ammonium group, or a metallic chelate moiety and arepolymerizable upon exposure to ionizing radiations, or organometailiccompounds such as functional group-containing coupling agents may alsobe used as the antistatic agent.

Further, electroconductive fine particles may be mentioned as theantistatic agent. Specific examples of electroconductive fine particlesinclude fine particles of metal oxides. Such metal oxides include ZnO(refractive index 1.90; the numerical values within the parenthesesbeing refractive index; the same shall apply hereinafter), CeO₂ (1.95),Sb₂O₂ (1.71), SnO₂ (1.997), indium tin oxide often abbreviated to “ITO”(1.95), In₂O₃ (2.00), Al₂O₃ (1.63), antimony-doped tin oxide(abbreviated to “ATO,” 2.0), and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (abbreviatedto “AZO,” 2.0). The term “fine particles” refers to fine particleshaving a size of not more than 1 micrometer, that is, fine particles ofsubmicron size, preferably fine particles having an average particlediameter of 0.1 nm to 0.1 μm.

Electroconductive polymers may be mentioned as the antistatic agent, andspecific examples thereof include: aliphatic conjugated polyacetylenes,polyacene, polyazulene or the like; aromatic conjugatedpoly(paraphenylenes) or the like; heterocyclic conjugated polypyrroles,polythiophenes, polyisocyanaphthenes or the like; heteroatom-containingconjugated polyanilines, polythienylenevinylene or the like; andmixture-type conjugated poly(phenylenevinylenes). Additional examples ofelectroconductive polymers include double-chain conjugated systems whichare conjugated systems having a plurality of conjugated chains in themolecule thereof, and electroconductive composites which are polymersprepared by grafting or block-copolymerizing the above conjugatedpolymer chain onto a saturated polymer, and their electroconductivepolymer derivatives. Among others, the use of organic antistatic agentssuch as polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polyaniline is more preferred.The use of the organic antistatic agent can realize the development ofexcellent antistatic properties and, at the same time, can enhance thetotal light transmittance of the optical laminate, and can lower thehaze value. Further, with a view to improving the electroconductivityand improving the antistatic properties, anions of an organic sulfonicacid, iron chloride or the like may also be added as a dopant (anelectron donating agent). Based on dopant addition effect, polythiophenehas a high level of transparency and a high level of antistaticproperties and thus is particularly preferred. Oligothiophene is alsosuitable as the polythiophene. The above derivatives are notparticularly limited, and examples thereof include alkyl substitutes ofpolyphenylacetylene and polydiacetylene.

Resin

The anti-dazzling layer according to the present invention may be formedfrom a (curing-type) resin. The curing-type resin is preferablytransparent, and specific examples thereof are classified into threegroups, that is, ionizing radiation curing resins which are curable uponexposure to ultraviolet light or electron beams, mixtures of ionizingradiation curing resins with solvent drying resins (resins which can bebrought to a film by merely removing a solvent by drying for regulatingthe solid content in the coating, for example, thermoplastic resins), orheat curing resins. Preferred are ionizing radiation curing resins. In apreferred embodiment of the present invention, the resin comprises atleast an ionizing radiation curing resin and a heat curing resin.

Specific examples of ionizing radiation curing resins include compoundscontaining a radical polymerizable functional group such as an(meth)acrylate group, for example, (meth)acrylate oligomers,prepolymers, or monomers. Specific examples thereof include oligomers orprepolymers of relatively low-molecular weight polyester resins,polyether resins, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, alkydresins, spiroacetal resins, polybutadiene resins, and polythiol polyeneresins and (meth)acrylic esters of polyfunctional compounds such aspolyhydric alcohols. Specific examples of monomers include ethyl(meth)acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropanetri(meth)acrylate, hexanediol (meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritoltri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanedioldi(meth)acrylate, and neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate. The term“(meth)acrylate” means acrylate or methacrylate.

Examples of compounds other than the (meth)acrylate compound includemonofunctional or polyfunctional monomers such as styrene,methylstyrene, and N-vinylpyrrolidone, or cation polymerizablefunctional group-containing compounds for example, oligomers andprepolymers of bisphenol-type epoxy compounds, novolak-type epoxycompounds, aromatic vinyl ethers, and aliphatic vinyl ethers.

When ionizing radiation curing resins are used as an ultraviolet curingresin, preferably, a photopolymerization initiator is used. Specificexamples of photopolymerization initiators include acetophenones,benzophenones, benzoins, propiophenons, benzyls, acylphosphine oxides,Michler's benzoyl benzoate, α-amyloxime ester, tetramethyl thiurammonosulfide, and thioxanthones. Preferably, photosensitizers are mixedin the system. Specific examples of photosensitizers includen-butylamine, triethylamlne, and poly-n-butylphosphine.

The solvent drying-type resin used as a mixture with the ionizingradiation curing resin is mainly a thermoplastic resin. Commonlyexemplified thermoplastic resins are usable. Coating defects of thecoated face can be effectively prevented by adding the solventdrying-type resin.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the lighttransparent base material is formed of a cellulosic resin such astriacetylcellulose “TAC,” specific examples of preferred thermoplasticresins include cellulosic resins, for example, nitrocellulose,acetylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate, andethylhydroxyethylcellulose. When the cellulosic resin is used, theadhesion between the light transparent base material and the antistaticlayer (if any) and transparency can be improved.

Further, in the present invention, in addition to the above-describedresins, vinyl resins such as vinyl acetate and its copolymers, vinylchloride and its copolymers, and vinylidene chloride and its copolymers,acetal resins such as polyvinylformal and polyvinylbutyral, acrylicresins such as acrylic resin and its copolymers and methacrylic resinand its copolymers, polystyrene resins, polyamide resins, andpolycarbonate resins may be mentioned.

Specific examples of heat curing resin include phenolic resins, urearesins, diallyl phthalate resins, melanin resins, guanamine resins,unsaturated polyester resins, a polyurethane resins, epoxy resins,aminoalkyd resins, melamine-urea cocondensed resins, silicone resins,and polysiloxane resins. When the heat curing resin is used, ifnecessary, for example, curing agents such as crosslinking agents andpolymerization initiators, polymerization accelerators, solvents, andviscosity modifiers may be further added.

Leveling Agent

Fluoro- or silicone-type or other leveling agents may be added to thecomposition for an anti-dazzling layer according to the presentinvention. The composition for an anti-dazzling layer to which theleveling agent has been added, advantageously has contaminationpreventive properties and scratch resistance. Preferably, the levelingagent is utilized in film-shaped light transparent base materials (forexample, triacetylcellulose) which should be resistant to heat.

Method for Anti-dazzling Layer Formation

The anti-dazzling layer may be formed by mixing fine particles oraggregation-type fine particles (preferably first fine particles andsecond fine particles, or first fine particles, second fine particlesand third fine particles) and the resin in proper solvents, for example,toluene, xylene, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butylacetate, propyl acetate, MEK (methyl ethyl ketone), and MIBK (methylisobutyl ketone) to prepare a composition for an anti-dazzling layer ora composition for a substrate concavoconvex layer, and then coating thecomposition onto a light transparent base material.

Proper solvents include: alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, methyl glycol, methyl glycolacetate, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, or butyl cellosolve;ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone,cyclohexanone, or diacetone alcohol; esters such as methyl formate,methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, or butyl acetate;nitrogen-containing compounds such as nitromethane, N-methylpyrrolidone,or N,N-dimethylformamide; ethers such as diisopropyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or dioxolane; halogenated hydrocarbons such asmethylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethane, or tetrachloroethane;other solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or propylene carbonate; ormixtures thereof. More preferred solvents include methyl acetate, ethylacetate, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, orcyclohexanone.

Methods usable for coating the composition for an anti-dazzling layeronto the light transparent base material include coating methods such asroll coating, Mayer bar coating, and gravure coating. Coating thecomposition for an anti-dazzling layer or the composition for asubstrate concavoconvex layer is followed by drying and ultravioletcuring. Specific examples of ultraviolet light sources include lightsources, for example, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressuremercury lamps, low-pressure mercury lamps, carbon arc lamps, black lightfluorescent lamps, and metal halide lamps. Regarding the wavelength ofthe ultraviolet light, a wavelength range of 190 to 380 nm may be used.Specific examples of electron beam sources include various electron beamaccelerators, for example, Cockcroft-Walton accelerators, van de Graaffaccelerators, resonance transformer accelerators, insulated coretransformer accelerators, linear accelerators, Dynamitron accelerators,and high-frequency accelerators. The resin is cured, and the fineparticles in the resin are fixed to form a desired concavoconvex shapeon the outermost surface of the anti-dazzling layer or the substrateconcavoconvex layer.

2) Anti-dazzling Layer Formed Using Composition for Anti-dazzling Layer,Free from Fine Particles and Containing Resin and the Like

In the present invention, the anti-dazzling layer may be formed bymixing at least one polymer with at least one curable resin precursor ina proper solvent to prepare a composition for an anti-dazzling layer andapplying the composition onto a light transparent base material. Thisanti-dazzling layer may be the same as described above in the columnof 1) Anti-dazzling layer formed using composition for anti-dazzlinglayer, comprising resin and fine particles, expect that theanti-dazzling agent in not used.

Polymer

The polymer may be a plurality of polymers which can be phase separatedby a spinodal decomposition, for example, a cellulose derivative and astyrenic resin, an (meth)acrylic resin, an alicyclic olefinic resin, apolycarbonate resin, a polyester resin or the like, or a combinationthereof. The curable resin precursor may be compatible with at least onepolymer in the plurality of polymers. At least one of the plurality ofpolymers may have a functional group involved in a curing reaction ofthe curable resin precursor, for example, a polymerizable group such asan (meth)acryloyl group. In general, a thermoplastic resin is used asthe polymer component.

Specific examples of thermoplastic resins include styrenic resins,(meth)acrylic resins, organic acid vinyl ester resins, vinyl etherresins, halogen-containing resins, olefinic resins (including alicyclicolefinic resins), polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyamideresins, thermoplastic polyurethane resins, polysulfone resins (forexample, polyethersulfone and polysulfone), polyphenylene ether resins(for example, polymers of 2,6-xylenol), cellulose derivatives (forexample, cellulose esters, cellulose carbamates, and cellulose ethers),silicone resins (for example, polydimethylsiloxane andpolymethylphenylsiloxane), and rubbers or elastomers (for example, dienerubbers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene, styrene-butadienecopolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, acrylic rubbers,urethane rubbers, and silicone rubbers). They may be used either solelyor in a combination of two or more.

Specific examples of styrenic resins include homopolymers or copolymersof styrenic monomers (for example, polystyrenes, styrene-α-methylstyrenecopolymers, and styrene-vinyltoluene copolymers) and copolymers ofstyrenic monomers with other polymerizable monomers (for example,(meth)acrylic monomers, maleic anhydride, maleimide monomers, ordienes). Styrenic copolymers include, for example, styrene-acrylonitrilecopolymers (AS resins), copolymers of styrene with (meth)acrylicmonomers (for example, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers,styrene-methyl methacrylate-(meth)acrylic ester copolymers, orstyrene-methyl methacrylate-(meth)acrylic acid copolymers), andstyrene-maleic anhydride copolymers. Preferred styrenic resins includecopolymers of polystyrene or styrene with (meth)acrylic monomers (forexample, copolymers composed mainly of styrene and methyl methacrylate,for example, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers), AS resins, andstyrene-butadiene copolymers.

For example, homopolymers or copolymers of (meth)acrylic monomers andcopolymers of (meth)acrylic monomers with copolymerizable monomers maybe mentioned as the (meth)acrylic resin. Specific examples of(meth)acrylic monomers include (meth)acrylic acid; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl(meth)acrylates such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate,butyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate,hexyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate; aryl (meth)acrylates such as phenyl (meth)acrylate;hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate such as hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate andhydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate; glycidyl (meth)acrylate;N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylonitrile; and(meth)acrylates containing an alicyclic hydrocarbon group such astricyclodecane. Specific examples of copolymerizable monomers includethe above styrenic monomers, vinyl ester monomers, maleic anhydride,maleic acid, and fumaric acid. These monomers may be used either solelyor in a combination of two or more.

Specific examples of (meth)acrylic resins include poly(meth)acrylicesters such as polymethyl methacrylate, methylmethacrylate-(meth)acrylic acid copolymers, methylmethacrylate-(meth)acrylic ester copolymers, methyl methacrylate-acrylicester-(meth)acrylic acid copolymers, and (meth)acrylic ester-styrenecopolymers (for example, MS resins). Specific examples of preferred(meth)acrylic resins include poly-C₁₋₆ alkyl (meth)acrylates such aspolymethyl (meth)acrylate. In particular, methyl methacrylate resinscomposed mainly of methyl methacrylate (approximately 50 to 100% byweight, preferably 70 to 100% by weight) may be mentioned.

Specific examples of organic acid vinyl ester resins includehomopolymers or copolymers of vinyl ester monomers (for example,polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl propionate), copolymers of vinyl estermonomers with copolymerizable monomers (for example, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers, vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymers, and vinylacetate-(meth)acrylic ester copolymers), or their derivatives. Specificexamples or vinyl ester resin derivatives include polyvinyl alcohol,ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, and polyvinylacetal resins.

Specific examples of vinyl ether resins include homopolymers orcopolymers of vinyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinylethyl ether, vinyl propyl ether, or vinyl t-butyl ether, and copolymersof vinyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl ethers with copolymerizable monomers (for example,vinyl alkyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers). Specific examples ofhalogen-containing resins include polyvinyl chloride, polyfulorinatedvinylidenes, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinylchloride-(meth)acrylic ester copolymers, and vinylidenechloride-(meth)acrylic ester copolymers.

Specific examples of olefinic resins include homopolymers of olefinssuch as polyethylene and polypropylene, and copolymers such asethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers,ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymers, and ethylene-(meth)acrylic estercopolymers. Specific examples of alicyclic olefinic resins includehomopolymers or copolymers of cyclic olefins (for example, norborneneand dicyclopentadiene) (for example, polymers containing an alicyclichydrocarbon group such as tricyclodecane which is sterically rigid), andcopolymers of the above cyclic olefins with copolymerizable monomers(for example, ethylene-norbornene copolymers and propylene-norbornenecopolymers). Specific examples of alicyclic olefinic resins includethose which are available, for example, under the tradenames “ARTON” and“ZEONEX.”

Specific examples of polycarbonate resins include aromaticpolycarbonates based on bisphenols (for example, bisphenol A), andaliphatic polycarbonates such as diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonates.Specific examples of polyester resins include aromatic polyesters usingaromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, for example,homopolyesters, for example, poly-C₂₋₄-alkylene terephthalates andpoly-C₂₋₄-alkylene naphthalates including polyethylene terephthalate andpolybutylene terephthalate, and copolyesters comprising as a maincomponent (for example, not less than 50% by weight) C₂₋₄ alkylenearylate units (C₂₋₄ alkylene terephthalate and/or C₂₋₄ alkylenenaphthalate units). Specific examples of copolyesters includecopolyesters in which, in the constituent units of poly-C₂₋₄-alkylenearylate, a part of C₂₋₄ alkylene glycol has been replaced, for example,with a polyoxy-C₂₋₄-alkylene glycol, a C₆₋₁₀ alkylene glycol, analicyclic diol (for example, cyclohexanedimethanol or hydrogenatedbisphenol A), an aromatic ring-containing diol (for example,9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)fluorene having a fluorenone sidechain, bisphenol A, or a bisphenol A-alkylene oxide adduct), andcopolyesters in which a part of aromatic dicarboxylic acid has beenreplaced, for example, with an asymmetric aromatic dicarboxylic acidsuch as phthalic acid or isophthalic acid, or an aliphatic C₆₋₁₂dicarboxylic acid such as adipic acid. Specific examples of polyesterresins include polyarylate resins, aliphatic polyesters using aliphaticdicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, and homopolymers or copolymersof lactones such as ε-caprolactone. Preferred polyester resins aregenerally noncrystalline polyester resins such as noncrystallinecopolyesters (for example, C₂₋₄ alkylene arylate copolyesters).

Specific examples of polyamide resins include aliphatic polyamides suchas nylon 46, nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 11, andnylon 12, and polyamides produced from dicarboxylic acids (for example,terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or adipic acid) and diamines (forexample, hexamethylenediamine or metaxylylenediamine). Specific examplesof polyamide resins include homopolymers or copolymers of lactams suchas δ-caprolactam. The polyamide resins may be either homopolyamides orcopolyamides.

Specific examples of cellulose esters among the cellulose derivativesinclude, for example, aliphatic organic acid esters, for example,cellulose acetates such as cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate;and C₁₋₆ organic acid esters such as cellulose propionate, cellulosebutyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, and cellulose acetate butyrate.Further examples thereof include aromatic organic acid esters (C₇₋₁₂aromatic carboxylic esters such as cellulose phthalate and cellulosebenzoate) and inorganic acid esters, (for example, cellulose phosphateand cellulose sulphate). Mixed acid esters such as acetic acid-nitricacid cellulose ester may also be used. Specific examples of cellulosederivatives include cellulose carbamates (for example, cellulosephenylcarbamate) and further include cellulose ethers, for example,cyanoethylcellulose; hydroxy-C₂₋₄-alkylcelluloses such ashydroxyethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, C₁₋₆ alkylcellulosessuch as methylcellulose and ethylcellulose; and carboxymethylcelluloseor its salt, benzylcellulose, and acetyl alkylcellulose.

Specific examples of preferred thermoplastic resins include styrenicresins, (meth)acrylic resins, vinyl acetate resins, vinyl ether resins,halogen-containing resins, alicyclic olefinic resins, polycarbonateresins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, cellulose derivatives,silicone resins, and rubbers or elastomers. Resins, which are usuallynoncrystalline and soluble in organic solvents (particularly commonsolvents which can dissolve a plurality of polymers or curablecompounds). Particularly preferred are, for example, resins having ahigh level of moldability or film formability, transparency andweathering resistance, for example, styrenic resins, (meth)acrylicresins, alicyclic olefinic resins, polyester resins, and cellulosederivatives (for example, cellulose esters).

Polymers containing a functional group involved in a curing reaction (ora functional group reactive with a curable compound) are also usable asthe polymer component. The polymers may contain a functional group inthe main chain or side chain. The functional group may be introducedinto the main chain, for example, by copolymerization orco-condensation. In general, however, the functional group is introducedinto the side chain. Specific examples of such functional groups includecondensable groups and reactive groups (for example, hydroxyl group,acid anhydride group, carboxyl group, amino group or imino group, epoxygroup, glycidyl group, and isocyanate group), polymerizable groups (forexample, C₂₋₆ alkenyl groups such as vinyl, propenyl, isopropenyl,butenyl and allyl groups, C₂₋₅ alkynyl groups such as ethynyl, propynyl,and butynyl groups, and C₂₋₆ alkenylidene groups such as vinylidenegroups), or groups containing these polymerizable groups (for example,(meth)acryloyl group). Among these functional groups, polymerizablegroups are preferred.

The polymerizable group may be introduced into the side chain, forexample, by reacting a thermoplastic resin containing a functional groupsuch as a reactive group or a condensable group with a polymerizablecompound containing a group reactive with the functional group.

Examples of such functional group-containing thermoplastic resinsinclude thermoplastic resins containing a carboxyl group or its acidanhydride group (for example, (meth)acrylic resins, polyester resins,and polyamide resins), hydroxyl group-containing thermoplastic resins(for example, (meth)acrylic resins, polyurethane resins, cellulosederivatives, and polyamide resins), amino group-containing thermoplasticresins (for example, polyamide resins), epoxy group-containingthermoplastic resins (for example, epoxy group-containing (meth)acrylicresins and polyester resins). Resins comprising the above functionalgroup introduced into thermoplastic resins such as styrenic resins,olefinic resins, or alicyclic olefinic resins by copolymerization orgraft polymerization are also possible.

Regarding the polymerizable compound, thermoplastic resins containing acarboxyl or its acid anhydride group include polymerizable compoundscontaining epoxy, hydroxyl, amino, or isocyanate groups. Hydroxylgroup-containing thermoplastic resins include polymerizable compoundscontaining carboxyl groups or acid anhydride groups thereof orisocyanate groups. Amino group-containing thermoplastic resins includepolymerizable compounds containing carboxyl groups or acid anhydridegroups thereof, epoxy groups, or isocyanate groups. Epoxygroup-containing thermoplastic resins include polymerizable compoundscontaining carboxyl groups or acid anhydride groups thereof or aminogroups.

Among the above polymerizable compounds, epoxy group-containingpolymerizable compounds include, for example, epoxycyclo-C₅₋₈-alkenyl(meth)acrylates such as epoxycyclohexenyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl(meth)acrylate, and allyl glycidyl ether, Hydroxyl group-containingcompounds include, for example, hydroxy-C₁₋₄-alkyl (meth)acrylates suchas hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, and C₂₋₆ alkylene glycol(meth)acrylates such as ethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate. Aminogroup-containing polymerizable compounds include, for example,amino-C₁₋₄-alkyl (meth)acrylates such as aminoethyl (meth)acrylate, C₃₋₆alkenylamines such as allylamine, and aminostyrenes such as4-aminostyrene and diaminostyrene. Isocyanate group-containingpolymerizable compounds include, for example, (poly)urethane(meth)acrylate and vinyl isocyanate. Polymerizable compounds containingcarboxyl groups or acid anhydride groups thereof include, for example,unsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof such as (meth)acrylicacid and maleic anhydride.

A combination of a thermoplastic resin containing a carboxyl group orits acid anhydride group with an epoxy group-containing compound,particularly a combination of an (meth)acrylic resin (for example, an(meth)acrylic acid-(meth)acrylic ester copolymer) with an epoxygroup-containing (meth)acrylate (for example, epoxycycloalkenyl(meth)acrylate or glycidyl (meth)acrylate) may be mentioned as arepresentative example of the polymerizable compound. Specific examplesthereof include polymers comprising a polymerizable unsaturated groupintroduced into a part of carboxyl groups in an (meth)acrylic resin, forexample, an (meth)acrylic polymer produced by reacting a part ofcarboxyl groups in an (meth)acrylic acid-(meth)acrylic ester copolymerwith an epoxy group in 3,4-epoxycyclohexenylmethyl acrylate to introducea photopolymerizable unsaturated group into the side chain (CYCLOMER P,manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.).

The amount of the functional group (particularly polymerizable group)Involved in a curing reaction with the thermoplastic resin introduced isapproximately 0.001 to 10 moles, preferably 0.01 to 5 moles, morepreferably 0.02 to 3 moles based on 1 kg of the thermoplastic resin.

These polymers may be used in a suitable combination. Specifically, thepolymer may comprise a plurality of polymers. The plurality of polymersmay be phase separated by liquid phase spinodal decomposition. Theplurality of polymers may be incompatible with each other. When theplurality of polymers are used in combination, the combination or afirst resin with a second resin is not particularly limited. Forexample, a plurality of polymers incompatible with each other at atemperature around a processing temperature, for example, two suitablepolymers incompatible with each other may be used in combination. Forexample, when the first resin is a styrenic resin (for example,polystyrene or a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer), examples of secondresins usable herein include cellulose derivatives (for example,cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate propionate), (meth)acrylicresins (for example, polymethyl methacrylate), alicyclic olefinic resins(for example, polymers using norbornene as a monomer), polycarbonateresins, and polyester resins (for example, the above poly-C₂₋₄-alkylenearylate copolyesters). On the other hand, for example, when the firstpolymer is a cellulose derivative (for example, a cellulose ester suchas cellulose acetate propionate), examples of second polymers usableherein include styrenic resins (for example, polystyrene orstyrene-acrylonitrile copolymer), (meth)acrylic resins, alicyclicolefinic resins (for example, polymers using norbornene as a monomer),polycarbonate resins, and polyester resins (for example, the abovepoly-C₂₋₄-alkylene arylate copolyesters). In the combination of theplurality of resins, at least cellulose esters (for example, celluloseC₂₋₄ alkyl carboxylic esters such as cellulose diacetate, cellulosetriacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, or cellulose acetate butyrate)may be used.

The phase separated structure produced by the spinodal decomposition isfinally cured by the application of an actinic radiation (for example,ultraviolet light or electron beam), heat or the like to form a curedresin. By virtue of this, the scratch resistance can be imparted to theanti-dazzling layer, and the durability can be improved.

From the viewpoint of scratch resistance after curing, preferably, atleast one polymer in the plurality of polymers, for example, one ofmutually incompatible polymers (when the first and second resins areused in combination, particularly both the polymers) is a polymer havingon its side chain a functional group reactive with a curable resinprecursor.

The weight ratio between the first polymer and the second polymer may beselected, for example, from a range of first polymer/secondpolymer=approximately 1/99 to 99/1, preferably 5/95 to 95/5, morepreferably 10/90 to 90/10 and is generally approximately 20/80 to 80/20,particularly 30/70 to 70/30.

Regarding the polymer for phase separated structure formation, inaddition to the above two incompatible polymers, the above thermoplasticresins or other polymers may be incorporated.

The glass transition temperature of the polymer may be selected, forexample, from a range of approximately −100° C. to 250° C., preferably−50° C. to 230° C., more preferably 0 to 200° C. (for example,approximately 50 to 180° C.). A glass transition temperature of 50° C.or above (for example, approximately 70 to 200° C.), preferably 100° C.or above (for example, approximately 100 to 170° C.), is advantageousfrom the viewpoint of the surface hardness. The weight average molecularweight of the polymer may be selected, for example, from a range ofapproximately not more than 1,000,000, preferably 1,000 to 500,000.

Curable Resin Precursor

The curable resin precursor is a compound containing a functional groupwhich can be reacted upon exposure to heat or an actinic radiation (forexample, ultraviolet light or electron beams) or the like, and variouscurable compounds, which can be cured or crosslinked upon exposure toheat, an actinic radiation or the like to form a resin (particularly acured or crosslinked resin), can be used. Examples of such resinprecursors include heat curing compounds or resins [low-molecular weightcompounds containing epoxy groups, polymerizable groups, isocyanategroups, alkoxysilyl groups, silanol groups or the like (for example,epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, urethane resins, or siliconeresins)], and photocuring compounds curable upon exposure to an actinicradiation (for example, ultraviolet light) (for example, ultravioletlight curing compounds such as photocuring monomers and oligomers). Thephotocuring compound may be, for example, an EB (electron beam) curingcompound. Photocuring compounds such as photocuring monomers, oligomers,photocuring resins which may have a low-molecular weight, are sometimesreferred to simply as “photocuring resin.”

Photocuring compounds include, for example, monomers and oligomers (orresins, particularly low-molecular weight resins). Monomers include, forexample, monofunctional monomers [for example, (meth)acrylic monomerssuch as (meth)acrylic esters, vinyl monomers such as vinylpyrrolidone,and crosslinked ring-type hydrocarbon group-containing (meth)acrylatessuch as isobornyl (meth)acrylate or adamantyl (meth)acrylate],polyfunctional monomers containing at least two polymerizableunsaturated bonds [for example, alkylene glycol di(meth)acrylates suchas ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate,butanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, andhexanediol di(meth)acrylate; (poly)oxyalkylene glycol di(meth)acrylatessuch as diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate, and polyoxytetramethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate;crosslinked ring-type hydrocarbon group-containing di(meth)acrylatessuch as tricyclodecane dimethanol di(meth)acrylate and adamantanedi(methacrylate; and polyfunctional monomers containing about three tosix polymerizable unsaturated bonds such as trimethylolpropanetri(meth)acrylate, trimethylolethane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritoltri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, anddipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate].

Oligomers or resins include (meth)acrylate or epoxy (meth)acrylate ofbisphenol A-alkylene oxide adducts (for example, bisphenol A-type epoxy(meth)acrylate and novolak-type epoxy (meth)acrylate), polyester(meth)acrylates (for example, aliphatic polyester-type (meth)acrylateand aromatic polyester-type (meth)acrylate), (poly)urethane(meth)acrylates (for example, polyester-type urethane (meth)acrylate,polyether-type urethane (meth)acrylate), and silicone (meth)acrylate.These photocuring compounds are usable either solely or in a combinationof two or more.

Preferred curable resin precursors include photocuring compounds curablein a short time, for example, ultraviolet light curing compounds (forexample, monomers, oligomers and resins which may have a low-molecularweight), and EB curing compounds. Resin precursors which areparticularly advantageous from the practical viewpoint are ultravioletlight curing resins. From the viewpoint of improving resistance such asscratch resistance, preferably, the photocuring resin is a compoundhaving in its molecule two or more (preferably approximately 2 to 6,more preferably 2 to 4) polymerizable unsaturated bonds. The molecularweight of the curable resin precursor is approximately not more than5000, preferably not more than 2000, more preferably not more than 1000,from the viewpoint of compatibility with the polymer.

The curable resin precursor may contain a curing agent depending uponthe type of the curable resin precursor. For example, in the case ofheat curing resins, curing agents such as amines or polycarboxylic acidsmay be contained, and, in the case of photocuring resins,photopolyinerization initiators may be contained. Examples ofphotopolymerization initiators include commonly used components, forexample, acetophenones or propiophenones, benzyls, benzoins,benzophenones, thioxanthones, and acylphosphine oxides. The content ofthe curing agent such as a photocuring agent is approximately 0.1 to 20parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 1to 8 parts by weight (particularly 1 to 5 parts by weight), based on 100parts by weight of the curable resin precursor and may be approximately3 to 8 parts by weight.

The curable resin precursor may contain a curing accelerator. Forexample, the photocuring resin may contain photocuring accelerators, forexample, tertiary amines (for example, dialkylaminobenzoic esters) andphosphine photopolymerization accelerators.

Specific Combination of Polymer with Curable Resin Precursor

At least two components in at least one polymer and at least one curableresin precursor may be used in a combination of materials which aremutually phase separated at a temperature around the processingtemperature. Examples of such combinations include (a) a combination ofa plurality of polymers which are mutually incompatible and phaseseparated, (b) a combination of a polymer and a curable resin precursorwhich are mutually incompatible and phase separated, and (c) acombination of a plurality of curable resin precursors which aremutually incompatible and phase separated. Among these combinations, (a)a combination of a plurality of polymers and (b) a combination of apolymer with a curable resin precursor are generally preferred, andparticularly (a) a combination of a plurality of polymers is preferred.When the compatibility of both the materials to be phase separated islow, both the materials are effectively phase separated in the course ofdrying for evaporating the solvent and the function as an anti-dazzlinglayer can be improved.

The thermoplastic resin and the curable resin precursor (or curingresin) are generally incompatible with each other. When the polymer andthe curable resin precursor are incompatible with each other and phaseseparated, a plurality of polymers may be used as the polymer. When aplurality of polymers are used, meeting the requirement that at leastone polymer is incompatible with the resin precursor (or curing resin)suffices for contemplated results, and the other polymer(s) may becompatible with the resin precursor.

A combination of two mutually incompatible thermoplastic resins with acuring compound (particularly a monomer or oligomer containing aplurality of curable functional groups) may be adopted. From theviewpoint of scratch resistance after curing, one polymer (particularlyboth polymers) in the incompatible thermoplastic resins may be athermoplastic resin containing a functional group involved in the curingreaction (a functional group involved in curing of the curable resinprecursor).

When a combination of a plurality of mutually incompatible polymers isadopted for phase separation, the curable resin precursor to be used incombination with the plurality of mutually incompatible polymers iscompatible with at least one polymer in the plurality of incompatiblepolymers at a temperature around the processing temperature.Specifically, for example, when the plurality of mutually incompatiblepolymers are constituted by the first resin and the second resin, thecurable resin precursor may be one which is compatible with at least oneof the first resin and the second resin, preferably is compatible withboth the polymer components. When the curable resin precursor iscompatible with bath the polymer components, phase separation occursinto at least two phases, i.e., a mixture composed mainly of a firstresin and a curable resin precursor and a mixture composed mainly of asecond resin and a curable resin precursor.

When the compatibility of a plurality of selected polymers is low, thepolymers are effectively phase separated from each other in the courseof drying for evaporating the solvent and the function as ananti-dazzling layer is improved. The phase separability of the pluralityof polymers can be simply determined by a method in which a homogeneoussolution is prepared using a good solvent for both the components andthe solvent is gradually evaporated to visually inspect whether or notthe residual solid matter is opaque in the course of evaporation.

In general, the polymer and the cured or crosslinked resin produced bycuring of the resin precursor are different from each other inrefractive index. Further, the plurality of polymers (first and secondresins) are also different from each other in refractive index. Thedifference in refractive index between the polymer and the cured orcrosslinked resin, and the difference in refractive index between theplurality of polymers (first and second resins) may be, for example,approximately 0.001 to 0.2, preferably 0.05 to 0.15.

The weight ratio between the polymer and the curable resin precursor isnot particularly limited and may be selected, for example, from a rangeof polymer/curable resin precursor=approximately 5/95 to 95/5, and, fromthe viewpoint of surface hardness, is preferably polymer/curable resinprecursor=approximately 5/95 to 60/40, more preferably 10/90 to 50/50,particularly preferably 10/90 to 40/60.

Solvent

The solvent may be selected and used according to the type andsolubility of the polymer and curable resin precursor. A solvent capableof homogeneously dissolving at least the solid matter (a plurality ofpolymers and curable resin precursor, a reaction initiator, and otheradditives) suffices for contemplated results and may be used in wetspinodal decomposition. Examples of such solvents include ketones (forexample, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, andcyclohexanone), ethers (for example, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran),aliphatic hydrocarbons (for example, hexane), alicyclic hydrocarbons(for example, cyclohexane), aromatic hydrocarbons (for example, tolueneand xylene), halogenated hydrocarbons (for example, dichloromethane anddichloroethane), esters (for example, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate andbutyl acetate), water, alcohols (for example, ethanol, isopropanol,butanol, and cyclohexanol), cellosolves (for example, methylcellosolveand ethylcellosolve), cellosolve acetates, sulfoxides (for example,dimethylsulfoxide), and amides (for example, dimethylformamide anddimethylacetamide). A mixture solvents composed of two or more of thesesolvents may be used.

The concentration of the solute (polymer and curable resin precursor,reaction initiator, and other additives) in the composition for ananti-dazzling layer may be selected from such a range that causes phaseseparation and such a range that castability, coatability and the likeare not deteriorated. The solute concentration is, for example,approximately 1 to 80% by weight, preferably 5 to 60% by weight, morepreferably 15 to 400/a by weight (particularly 20 to 40% by weight).

Penetrating Solvent

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to renderthe interface between the light transparent base material and theanti-dazzling layer absent, preferably, the anti-dazzling layer isformed using a composition for an anti-dazzling layer, which ispenetrable into the light transparent base material. The details of thepenetrating solvent may be the same as those described above in “1)Anti-dazzling-layer formed using composition for anti-dazzling layercomprising fine particles added to resin.”

Method for Anti-dazzling Layer Formation

The anti-dazzling layer may be formed using a composition for ananti-dazzling layer, comprising at least one polymer and at least onecurable resin precursor. The use of a composition for an anti-dazzlinglayer prepared by mixing at least one polymer and at least one curableresin precursor with, if necessary, a penetrating solvent, and asuitable solvent is advantageous in that at least an anti-dazzling layercan be formed by forming a phase separated structure by spinodaldecomposition from a liquid phase and curing the curable resinprecursor.

The spinodal decomposition from the liquid phase can be carried out byevaporating the solvent. The combination of materials which can form aphase separated structure may be, for example, a combination of aplurality of polymers, a combination of a polymer and a curable resinprecursor, or a combination of a plurality of curable resin precursors.In this method, an anti-dazzling layer may be formed by subjecting acomposition comprising a thermoplastic resin, a photocuring compound(for example, a photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer), aphotopolymerization initiator, and a solvent capable of dissolving thethermoplastic resin and photocuring compound (a common solvent) tospinodal decomposition to form a phase separated structure and exposingthe product to light. Alternatively, the anti-dazzling layer may beformed by subjecting a composition comprising a thermoplastic resin, aresin incompatible with the thermoplastic resin and containing aphotocurable group, a photocuring compound, a photopolymerizationinitiator, and a solvent capable of dissolving the resin and thephotocuring compound to spinodal decomposition to form a phase separatedstructure, and applying light to the assembly. In these methods, atleast one anti-dazzling layer may be formed on a light transparent basematerial.

Specific Formation Method

The anti-dazzling layer may be formed by a process comprising the stepsof: mixing at least one polymer and at least one curable resin precursorusing a proper solvent to prepare a composition for an anti-dazzlinglayer, applying the composition for an anti-dazzling layer onto a lighttransparent base material and then subjecting the coating to spinodaldecomposition involving the evaporation of the solvent to form a phaseseparated structure; and curing the curable resin precursor to form atleast an anti-dazzling layer. The phase separation step generallycomprises the step of coating or casting a mixed liquid containing apolymer, a curable resin precursor and a solvent (particularly a liquidcomposition such as a homogeneous solution) onto the surface of a lighttransparent base material and the step of evaporating the solvent fromthe coating layer or casting layer to form a phase separated structurehaving a regular or periodical average phase-to-phase distance. Theanti-dazzling layer can be formed by curing the curable resin precursor.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixed liquid maybe a composition for an anti-dazzling layer, comprising a thermoplasticresin, a photocuring compound, a photopolymerization initiator, and asolvent capable of dissolving the thermoplastic resin and photocuringcompound. The anti-dazzling layer is formed by applying light tophotocurable components in the phase separated structure formed by thespinodal decomposition to cure the photocurable components. In anotherpreferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixed liquid may be acomposition for an anti-dazzling layer, comprising a plurality ofmutually incompatible polymers, a photocuring compound, aphotopolymerization initiator, and a solvent. In this case, theanti-dazzling layer is formed by applying light to photocurablecomponents in the phase separated structure formed by the spinodaldecomposition to cure the photocurable components.

The spinodal decomposition involving the evaporation of the solvent canimpart regularity or periodicity to the average distance between domainsin the phase separated structure. The phase separated structure formedby the spinodal decomposition can be immediately fixed by curing thecurable resin precursor. The curable resin precursor can be cured, forexample, by heating or light irradiation or a combination of thesemethods according to the type of the curable resin precursor. Theheating temperature can be selected from a suitable temperature range,for example, from a range of approximately 50 to 150° C., so far as thephase separated structure is present, and may be selected from the sametemperature range as in the phase separation step.

The anti-dazzling layer constituting a part of the optical laminate isformed by forming a phase separated structure in the anti-dazzling layerby spinodal decomposition (wet spinodal decomposition) from a liquidphase. Specifically, a composition for an anti-dazzling layer accordingto the present invention, comprising a polymer, a curable resinprecursor, and a solvent is provided. The solvent is evaporated orremoved from the composition for an anti-dazzling layer in its liquidphase (or a homogeneous solution or coating layer thereof) by drying orthe like. In the course of drying or the like, an increase inconcentration causes phase separation by spinodal decomposition to forma phase separated structure having a relatively regular phase-to-phasedistance. More specifically, the wet spinodal decomposition is generallycarried out by coating a composition for an anti-dazzling layer(preferably a homogeneous solution) comprising at least one polymer, atleast one curable resin precursor, and a solvent onto a support andevaporating the solvent from the coating layer.

In the present invention, in the spinodal decomposition, as the phaseseparation proceeds, a co-continuous phase structure is formed. As thephase separation further proceeds, the continuous phase is rendereddiscontinuous by the surface tension or the phase per se to form aliquid droplet phase structure (a sea-island structure of spherical,truly spherical, disk-like, elliptical or other independent phases).Accordingly, depending upon the degree of the phase separation, astructure intermediate between a co-continuous phase structure and aliquid droplet phase structure (a phase structure in the course oftransfer from the co-continuous phase to the liquid droplet phase) canalso be formed. The phase separated structure of the anti-dazzling layeraccording to the present invention may be a sea-island structure (aliquid droplet phase structure or a phase structure in which one of thephases is independent or isolated), a co-continuous phase structure (ora network structure), or an intermediate structure in which aco-continuous phase structure and a liquid droplet phase structure existtogether. By virtue of the phase separated structure, after the removalof the solvent by drying, fine concavoconvexes can be formed on thesurface of the anti-dazzling layer.

In the phase separated structure, concavoconvexes are formed on thesurface of the anti-dazzling layer, and, from the viewpoint of enhancingthe surface hardness, a liquid droplet phase structure having at leastisland domains is advantageous. When the phase separated structurecomposed of the polymer and the precursor (or curable resin) is asea-island structure, the polymer component may constitute a sea phase.From the viewpoint of the surface hardness, however, the polymercomponent preferably constitutes island domains. The formation of islanddomains leads to the formation of a concavoconvex shape having desiredoptical characteristics on the surface of the anti-dazzling layer afterdrying.

The average distance between domains in the phase separated structure isgenerally substantially regular or periodical and corresponds to thesurface roughness Sm. The average distance between domains is, forexample, not less than 50 μm and not more than 500 μm. Preferably, thelower limit of the average distance between domains is 60 μm, and theupper limit of the average distance between domains is about 400 μm. Theaverage distance between domains in the phase separated structure may beregulated, for example, by properly selecting a combination of resins(particularly the selection of resins based on a solubility parameter).The distance between profile irregularities of the surface of the finaloptical laminate can be brought to a desired value by regulating theaverage distance between domains.

Except for the above matter, the anti-dazzling layer may be the same asthose described above in “1) Anti-dazzling layer formed usingcomposition for anti-dazzling layer-comprising fine particles added toresin.”

2. Surface Modifying Layer

In the present invention, in order to form an anti-dazzling layer, asubstrate concavoconvex layer may be formed on a base material followedby the formation of a surface modifying layer on the substrateconcavoconvex layer. The surface modifying layer consists of only theresin material described above in connection with the anti-dazzlinglayer, or a composition comprising the resin material and a surfacemodifying agent added to the resin material. In the surface modifyinglayer, fine concavoconvexes present along the concavoconvex shape of thesubstrate concavoconvex layer on the scale of one-tenth or less of theconcavo-convex scale (profile peak height of concavoconvexes and spacingbetween profile peaks) in the surface roughness in the concavoconvexshape of the substrate concavoconvex layer can be sealed for flatteningto form smooth concavoconvexes with the concaves being substantiallyflat, or the spacing between profile peaks of the concavoconvexes andprofile peak height, and the frequency (number) of the profile peaks canbe regulated. The surface modifying layer is formed for surfacemodification purposes, for example, for imparting antistatic properties,refractive index regulation, hardness enhancement, and contaminationpreventive properties.

The thickness (on a cured state bases) of the surface modifying layer isnot less than 0.6 μm and not more than 20 μm. Preferably, the lowerlimit of the thickness of the surface modifying layer is 3 μm, and theupper limit of the thickness of the surface modifying layer is 15 μm.

Surface Modifying Agent

One material or a mixture of two or more materials selected from thegroup consisting of antistatic agents, refractive index regulatingagents, contamination preventive agents, water repellants, oilrepellents, fingerprint adhesion preventive agents, hardness enhancingagents, and hardness regulating agents (cushioning property impartingagents) may be mentioned as the surface modifying agent.

Antistatic Agent (Electroconductive Agent)

The antistatic agent may be the same as described above in connectionwith the anti-dazzling layer. In a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the amount of the antistatic agent added to the binder resin(except for the solvent) is preferably 5 to 250% by mass. The regulationor the addition amount of the antistatic agent to the above-definedrange is preferred from the viewpoints of maintaining the transparencyas the optical laminate and imparting antistatic properties withoutadversely affecting glossy black feeling, anti-dazzling properties orother properties.

Refractive Index Regulating Agent

The refractive index regulating agent may be added to the surfacemodifying layer to regulate the optical properties of the opticallaminate. Examples of such refractive index regulating agents includelow-refractive index agents, medium-refractive index agents, andhigh-refractive index agents.

1) Low-refractive Index Agent

The refractive index of the surface modifying layer to which thelow-refractive index agent has been added is lower than that of theanti-dazzling layer. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,the refractive index of the surface modifying layer to which thelow-refractive index agent has been added is less than 1.5, preferablynot more than 1.45. When the refractive index falls within theabove-defined range, advantageously, the physical properties such ashardness and scratch resistance of the surface modifying layer are notlowered.

Regarding the materials for the surface modifying layer, the mixingratio between the resin component and the low-refractive index agent ispreferably resin component/low-refractive index agent=approximately30/70 to 95/5.

Preferred low-refractive index agents include low-refractive indexinorganic ultrafine particles such as silica and magnesium fluoride (alltypes of fine particles such as porous and hollow fine particles), andfluororesins which are low-refractive index resins, Polymerizablecompounds containing a fluorine atom at least in their molecule, orpolymers thereof are usable as the fluororesin. The polymerizablecompound is not particularly limited. However, for example, thosecontaining a curing reactive group such as a functional group curable byan ionizing radiation or a heat curable polar group are preferred.Further, compounds simultaneously having these reactive groups are alsopossible. Unlike the polymerizable compounds, the polymer does not havethe above reactive groups at all.

Ethylenically unsaturated bond-containing fluorine-containing monomersare extensively usable as the polymerizable compound having an ionizingradiation curing group. More specific examples thereof includefluoroolefins (for example, fluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride,tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluorobutadiene, andperfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxol). Specific examples of(meth)acryloyloxy group-containing compounds include (meth)acrylatecompounds having a fluorine atom in their molecule such as2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (meth)acrylate, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl(meth)acrylate, 2-(perfluorobutyl)ethyl (meth)acrylate,2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl(meth)acrylate, 2-(perfluorodecyl)ethyl (meth)acrylate, methylα-trifluoromethacrylate, and ethyl α-trifluoromethacrylate, andfluorine-containing polyfunctional (meth)acrylic ester compoundscontaining a fluoroalkyl, fluorocycloalkyl, or fluoroalkylene groupwhich contains at least three fluorine atoms and has 1 to 14 carbonatoms and at least two (meth)acryloyloxy groups in their molecule.

Preferred heat curing polar groups include, for example, hydrogen bondforming groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and epoxy groups.These groups are excellent in adhesion to the coating film, as well asin affinity for inorganic ultrafine particles such as silica. Heatcuring polar group-containing polymerizable compounds include, forexample, 4-fluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymers;fluoroethylene-hydrocarbon-type vinyl ether copolymers; and fluorinemodification products of resins such as epoxy resins, polyurethaneresins, cellulose resins, phenolic resins, and polyimide resins.

Examples of polymerizable compounds containing both an ionizingradiation curing group and a heat curing polar group include partiallyand fully fluorinated alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl esters of acrylic ormethacrylic acid, fully or partially fluorinated vinyl ethers, fully orpartially fluorinated vinyl esters, and fully or partially fluorinatedvinyl ketones.

Specific examples of fluoropolymers include polymers of a monomer ormonomer mixture containing at least one of fluorine-containing(meth)acrylate compounds of the above ionizing radiation curinggroup-containing polymerizable compounds; copolymers of at least one ofthe above fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate compounds with(meth)acrylate compounds not containing a fluorine atom in theirmolecule, for example, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate,propyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate; and homopolymers or copolymers of fluorine-containingmonomers such as fluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene,chlorotrifluoroethylene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene,1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, and hexafluoropropylene.

Silicone-containing vinylidene fluoride copolymers which are copolymerscomprising a silicone component incorporated into the above copolymersmay also be used. Silicone components include (poly)dimethylsiloxanes,(poly)diethylsiloxanes, (poly)diphenylsiloxanes,(poly)methyphenylsiloxanes, alkyl-modified (poly)dimethylsiloxanes, azogroup-containing (poly)dimethylsiloxanes, dimethyl silicones,phenylmethyl silicones, alkyl/aralkyl-modified silicones,fluorosilicones, polyether-modified silicones, fatty acid ester-modifiedsilicones, methyl hydrogen silicones, silanol group-containingsilicones, alkoxy group-containing silicones, phenol group-containingsilicones, methacryl-modified silicones, acryl-modified silicones,amino-modified silicones, carboxylic acid-modified silicones,carbinol-modified silicones, epoxy-modified silicones, mercapto-modifiedsilicones, fluorine-modified silicones, and polyether-modifiedsilicones. Among others, those having a dimethylsiloxane structure arepreferred.

Nonpolymers or polymers of the following compounds are also usable asthe fluororesin. Specific examples thereof. Include compounds producedby reacting a fluorine-containing compound containing at least oneisocyanate group in the molecule thereof with a compound containing inits molecule at least one functional group reactive with the isocyanategroup, for example, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, or a carboxylgroup; and compounds produced by reacting a fluorine-containing polyolsuch as a fluorine-containing polyether polyol, a fluorine-containingalkyl polyol, a fluorine-containing polyester polyol, or afluorine-containing ε-caprolactone-modified polyol with an isocyanategroup-containing compound.

Further, the above fluoriene atom-containing polymerizable compound andpolymer may be used as a mixture with each resin component as describedabove in connection with the anti-dazzling layer. Furthermore, curingagents for curing reactive groups and the like and various additives andsolvents for improving coatability or imparting contamination preventiveproperties may be properly used.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the utilization of“void-containing fine particles” as a low-refractive index agent ispreferred. “Void-containing fine particles” can lower the refractiveindex while maintaining the layer strength of the surface modifyinglayer. In the present invention, the term “void-containing fineparticle” refers to a fine particle which has a structure comprising airfilled into the inside of the fine particle and/or an air-containingporous structure and has such a property that the refractive index islowered in reverse proportion to the proportion of air which occupiesthe fine particle as compared with the refractive index of the originalfine particle. Further, such a fine particle which can form a nanoporousstructure in at least a part of the inside and/or surface of the coatingfilm by utilizing the form, structure, aggregated state, and dispersedstate of the fine particle within the coating film, is also embraced inthe present invention.

Specific examples of preferred void-containing inorganic fine particlesare silica fine particles prepared by a technique disclosed in JapanesePatent Laid-Open No. 233611/2001. Other examples thereof include silicafine particles produced by a process described, for example, in JapanesePatent Laid-Open No. 133105/1995, No. 79616/2002, and No. 106714/2006.The void-containing silica fine particles can easily produced. Further,the hardness of the void-containing fine particles is high. Therefore,when a surface modifying layer is formed by using a mixture of thevoid-containing silica fine particles with a binder, the layer hasimproved strength and, at the same time, the refractive index can beregulated to a range of approximately 1.20 to 1.45. Hollow polymer fineparticles produced by using a technique disclosed in Japanese PatentLaid-Open No. 80503/2002 are a specific example of preferredvoid-containing organic fine particles.

Fine particles which can form a nanoporous structure in at least a partof the inside and/or surface of the coating film include, in addition tothe above silica fine particles, sustained release materials, which havebeen produced for increasing the specific surface area and adsorbvarious chemical substances on a packing column and the porous part ofthe surface, porous fine particles used for catalyst fixation purposes,or dispersions or aggregates of hollow fine particles to be incorporatedin heat insulating materials or low-dielectric materials. Specificexamples of such fine particles include commercially available products,for example, aggregates of porous silica fine particles selected fromtradename Nipsil and tradename Nipgel manufactured by Nippon SilicaIndustrial Co., Ltd. and colloidal silica UP series (tradename),manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd., having such a structurethat silica fine particles have been connected to one another in a chainform, and fine particles in a preferred particle diameter rangespecified in the present invention may be selected from the above fineparticles.

The average particle diameter of the “void-containing fine particles” isnot less than 5 nm and not more than 300 nm. Preferably, the lower limitof the average particle diameter is 8 nm, and the upper limit of theaverage particle diameter is 100 nm. More preferably, the lower limit ofthe average particle diameter is 10 nm, and the upper limit of theaverage particle diameter is 80 nm. When the average diameter of thefine particles is in the above-defined range, excellent transparency canbe imparted to the surface modifying layer.

2) High-refractive Agent/medium-refractive Index Agent

The high-refractive index agent and the medium-refractive index agentmay be added to the surface modifying layer to further improveantireflective properties. The refractive index of the high-refractiveindex agent and medium-refractive index agent may be set in a range of1.55 to 2.00. The medium-refractive index agent has a refractive indexin the range of 1.55 to 1.80, and the refractive index of thehigh-refractive index agent is in the range of 1.65 to 2.00.

These refractive index agents include fine particles, and specificexamples thereof (the numerical value within the parentheses being arefractive index) include zinc oxide (1.90), titania (2.3 to 2.7), ceria(1.95), tin-doped indium oxide (1.95), antimony-doped tin oxide (1.80),yttria (1.87), and zirconia (2.0).

Leveling Agent

A leveling agent may be added to the surface modifying layer. Preferredleveling agents include fluorine-type or silicone-type leveling agents.The surface modifying layer to which the leveling agent has been addedcan realize a good coated face, can impart slipperiness andcontamination preventive properties to the coating film surface incoating or drying, and can impart scratch resistance.

Contamination Preventive Agent

A contamination preventive agent may be added to the surface modifyinglayer. The contamination preventive agent is mainly used to prevent thecontamination of the outermost surface of the optical laminate and canimpart scratch resistance to the optical laminate. Specific examples ofeffective contamination preventive agents include additives which candevelop water repellency, oil repellency, and fingerprint wiping-offproperties. More specific examples of contamination preventive agentsinclude fluorocompounds and silicon compounds or mixtures of thesecompounds. More specific examples thereof include fluoroalkylgroup-containing silane coupling agents such as2-perfluorooctylethyltriaminosilone. Among them, amino group-containingcompounds are particularly preferred.

Resin

The surface modifying layer may comprise at least a surface modifyingagent and a resin. When the surface modifying layer does not contain asurface modifying agent, the resin functions as a hardness enhancingagent or as a hardness regulating agent (a cushioning property impartingagent) or functions to seal fine concavoconvexes present in thesubstrate concavoconvex layer to render the concavoconvex surface smoothand gentle and to render the concaves substantially flat.

The resin is preferably transparent, and specific examples thereof areclassified into three resins, that is, ionizing radiation curing resinswhich are curable upon exposure to ultraviolet light or electron beams,mixtures of ionizing radiation curing resins with solvent drying-typeresins (resins which can be brought to a film by merely removing, bydrying, a solvent for regulating the solid content in coating, forexample, thermoplastic resin), and heat curing resins. Preferred areionizing radiation curing resins.

Specific examples of ionizing radiation curing resins include compoundscontaining a radical polymerizable functional group such as an(meth)acrylate group, for example, (meth)acrylate-type oligomers,prepolymers, or monomers. Specific examples thereof include relativelylow-molecular weight polyester resins, polyether resins, acrylic resins,epoxy resins, urethane resins, alkyd resins, spiroacetal resins,polybutadiene resins, polythiol polyene resins, and oligomers orprepolymers of (meth)acrylates of polyfunctional compounds such aspolyhydric alcohols. Specific examples of monomers include ethyl(meth)acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropanetri(meth)acrylate, hexanediol (meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritoltri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanedioldi(meth)acrylate, and neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate. The term“(meth)acrylate” as used herein means acrylate or methacrylate.

Examples of compounds other than (meth)acrylate compounds includemonofunctional or polyfunctional monomers such as styrene, methylstyrene, and N-vinylpyrrolidone, or cation polymerizable functionalgroup-containing compounds such as oligomers and prepolymers ofbisphenol-type epoxy compounds, novolak-type epoxy compounds, aromaticvinyl ethers, and aliphatic vinyl ethers.

When the ionizing radiation curing resin is an ultraviolet curing resin,a photopolymerization initiator is preferably used. Specific examples ofphotopolymerization initiators include acetophenones, benzophenones,Michler's benzoyl benzoate, α-amyloxime ester, thioxanthones,propiophenones, benzyls, benzoins, and acylphosphine oxides. Preferably,photosensitizers are mixed in the system. Specific examples ofphotosensitizers include n-butylamine, triethylamine, andpoly-n-butylphosphine, When ionizing radiation curing resins are used asan ultraviolet curing resin, a photopolymerization initiator or aphotopolymerization accelerator may be added. In the case of a radicalpolymerizable unsaturated group-containing resin system, acetophenones,benzophenones, thioxanthones, benzoins, benzoin methyl ether and thelike are used as a photopolymerization initiator either solely or as amixture of two or more. On the other hand, in the case of a cationpolymerizable functional group-containing resin system, aromaticdiazonium salts, aromatic sulfonium salts, aromatic idonium salts,metallocene compounds, benzoinsulfonic esters and the like may be usedas a photopolymerization initiator either solely or as a mixture of twoor more. The amount of the photopolymerization initiator added is 0.1 to10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the ionizingradiation curing composition.

The solvent drying-type resin used as a mixture with the ionizingradiation curing resin is mainly a thermoplastic resin. Commonlyexemplified thermoplastic resins are usable. The solvent drying-typeresins when added, functions as a viscosity modifier to modify theviscosity of the composition and to effectively prevent coating filmdefects of coated face. Specific examples of preferred thermoplasticresins include styrenic resins, (meth)acrylic resins, vinyl acetateresins, vinyl ether resins, halogen-containing resins, alicyclicolefinic resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyamideresins, cellulose derivatives, silicone resins, and rubbers orelastomers. The resin is generally noncrystalline and, at the same time,is soluble in an organic solvent (particularly a common solvent whichcan dissolve a plurality of polymers and curable compounds).Particularly preferred are resins having good moldability or filmforming properties, transparency, and weathering resistance, forexample, styrenic resins, (meth)acrylic resins, alicyclic olefinicresins, polyester resins, cellulose derivatives (for example, celluloseesters). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when thelight transparent base material is formed of a cellulosic resin such a5triacetylcellulose “TAC,” specific examples of preferred thermoplasticresins include cellulosic resins, for example, nitrocellulose,acetylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate, and ethylhydroxyethylcellulose.

Specific examples of heat curing resin include phenolic resins, urearesins, diallyl phthalate resins, melanin resins, guanamine resins,unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins,aminoalkyd resins, melamine-urea cocondensed resins, silicone resins,and polysiloxane resins. When the heat curing resin is used, ifnecessary, for example, curing agents such as crosslinking agents andpolymerization initiators, polymerization accelerators, solvents, andviscosity modifiers may be further added.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surfacemodifying layer may contain organic fine particles and inorganic fineparticles (fluidity modifier C) for regulating the fluidity. Preferredfine particles are colloidal silica. An attempt to form a surfacemodifying layer to seal fine concavoconvexes for smoothing sometimescauses a significant lowering in anti-dazzling properties due toexcessive smoothing. The formation of a film using the colloidalsilica-containing composition can simultaneously realize bothanti-dazzling properties and black color reproduction. The function bywhich such effect can be attained has not been fully elucidated yet butis believed to be as follows. The colloidal silica-containingcomposition, when the fluidity is regulated, can be rendered highlyconformable to the concavoconvex shape of the surface. Accordingly, uponsmoothing, while imparting proper smoothness to fine concavoconvexes inthe substrate concavoconvex layer which are completely collapsed in theconventional surface modifying layer, a certain level of concavoconvexescan be allowed to stay.

The term “colloidal silica” as used herein means a colloidal solutioncontaining silica particles in a colloid state dispersed in water or anorganic solvent. The particle diameter (diameter) of the colloidalsilica is preferably approximately 1 to 50 nm which is on an ultrafineparticle size level. The particle diameter of the colloidal silica inthe present invention is the average particle diameter as measured by aBET method. The average particle diameter is specifically determined bymeasuring the surface area by the BET method and calculating the averageparticle diameter based on the assumption that the particles are trulyspherical.

The colloidal silica is known, and commercially available productsthereof include, for example, “methanol silica sol,” “MA-ST-M,”“IPA-ST,” “EG-ST,” “EG-ST-ZL,” “NPC-ST,” “DMAC-ST,” “MEK,” “XBA-ST,” and“MIBK-ST” (all of which are tradenames of products manufactured byNissan Chemical Industries Ltd.), “OSCAL1132,” “OSCAL1232,” “OSCAL1332,”“OSCAL1432,” “OSCAL1532,” “OSCAL1632,” and “OSCAL1132” (all of which aretradenames of products manufactured by Catalysts and ChemicalsIndustries Co., Ltd.).

The content of the organic fine particles or inorganic fine particles ispreferably 5 to 300 in terms of the mass of the fine particles based on100 of the mass of the binder resin in the surface modifying layer (massof fine particles/mass of binder resin=P/V ratio=5 to 300/100). When theaddition amount falls within the above-defined range, the conformabilityto the concavoconvex shape is satisfactory. As a result, black colorreproduction such as glossy black color feeling and anti-dazzlingproperties can be simultaneously realized. Further, properties such asadhesion and scratch resistance are improved. The addition amount mayvary depending upon the fine particles added. For example, in the caseof colloidal silica, the addition amount is preferably 5 to 80. When theaddition amount falls within the above-defined range, the anti-dazzlingproperties and the adhesion to other layer(s) are improved.

Solvent

A composition for a surface modifying layer comprising the abovecomponents mixed with the solvent is utilized for surface modifyinglayer formation. The solvent may be selected and used depending upon thetype and solubility of the polymer and the curable resin precursor, andany solvent may be used so far as it can homogeneously dissolve at leastsolid matter (a plurality of polymers and curable resin precursor, areaction initiator, and other additives). Such solvents include, forexample, ketones, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; ethers, for example, dioxane andtetrahydrofuran; aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example, hexane; alicyclichydrocarbons, for example, cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons, forexample, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, for example,dichloromethane and dichloroethane; esters, for example, methyl acetate,ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate; water; alcohols, for example, ethanol,isopropanol, butanol, and cyclohexanol; cellosolves, for example,methylcellosolve and ethylcellosolve, cellosolve acetates; sulfoxides,for example, dimethylsulfoxide; and amides, for example,dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide. A mixture solvent composed oftwo or more of these solvents may also be used. Preferred are ketonesand esters.

Method for Surface Modifying Layer Formation

The surface modifying layer may be formed by applying a composition fora surface modifying layer onto the substrate concavoconvex layer. Thecomposition for a surface modifying layer may be formed by coatingmethods such as roll coating, Mayer bar coating, or gravure coating.After coating of the composition for a surface modifying layer, thecoating is dried and cured by ultraviolet light irradiation. Specificexamples of ultraviolet light sources include ultra-high-pressuremercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, low-pressure mercury lamps,carbon arc lamps, black light Fluorescent lamps, and metal halide lamps.Regarding the wavelength of the ultraviolet light, a wavelength range of190 to 380 nm may be used. Specific examples of electron beam sourcesinclude various electron beam accelerators, for example,Cockcroft-Walton accelerators, van de Graaff accelerators, resonancetransformer accelerators, insulated core transformer accelerators,linear accelerators, Dynamitron accelerators, and high-frequencyaccelerators.

3. Optional Layers

The optical laminate according to the present invention comprises alight transparent base material and an anti-dazzling layer (or aconcavoconvex substrate layer and a surface modifying layer). Optionallayers such as an antistatic layer, a low-refractive index layer, and acontamination preventive layer may be further provided. Thelow-refractive index layer preferably has a lower refractive index thanthe refractive index of the anti-dazzling layer having a single layerstructure or surface modifying layer. The refractive index of thelow-refractive index layer is not more than 1.45, particularlypreferably not more than 1.42. The thickness of the low-refractive indexlayer is not limited and may be generally properly selected from a rangeof approximately 30 nm to 1 μm. The antistatic layer, low-refractiveindex layer, contamination preventive layer and the like may be formedby using a composition prepared by mixing a resin and the like with anantistatic agent, a low-refractive index agent, a contaminationpreventive agent or the like as described above in connection with thesurface modifying layer. Accordingly, the antistatic agent,low-refractive index agent, contamination preventive agent, resin andthe like may be the same as those used in the formation of the surfacemodifying layer.

4. Light Transparent Base Material

The light transparent base material is preferably smooth and possessesexcellent heat resistance and mechanical strength. Specific examples ofmaterials usable for the light transparent base material formationinclude thermoplastic resins, for example, polyesters (for example,polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate), cellulosicresins (for example, cellulose triacetate, cellulose diacetate, andcellulose acetate butyrate), polyethersulfone, and polyolefins (forexample, polysulfone, polypropylene, and polymethylpentene), polyvinylchloride, polyvinylacetal, polyether ketone, acrylic resins (forexample, polymethyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and polyurethane.Preferred are polyesters (polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylenenaphthalate) and cellulose triacetate. Films of amorphous olefinpolymers (cycloolefln polymers: COPs) having an alicyclic structure mayalso be mentioned as other examples or the light transparent basematerial. These films are base materials using nobornene polymers,monocyclic olefinic polymers, cyclic conjugated diene polymers, vinylalicyclic hydrocarbon polymer resins and the like, and examples thereofinclude Zeonex and ZEONOR, manufactured by Zeon Corporation (norborneneresins), Sumilight FS-1700 manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.,ARTON (modified norbornene resin) manufactured by JSR Corporation, APL(cyclic olefin copolymer) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Inc., Topas(cyclic olefin copolymer) manufactured by Ticona, and Optlet OZ-1000series (alicyclic acrylic resins) manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co.,Ltd. Further, FV series (low birefringent index and low photoelasticfilms) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation are alsopreferred as base materials alternative to triacetylcellulose.

In the present invention, preferably, these thermoplastic resins areused as a highly flexible thin film, Depending upon the form of usewhere curability are required, plate-like materials such as plates ofthese thermoplastic resins or glass plates are also usable.

The thickness of the light transparent base material is not less than 20μm and not more than 300 μm. Preferably, the upper limit of thethickness is 200 μm, and the lower limit of the thickness is 30 μm. Whenthe light transparent base material is a plate-like material, thethickness may be above the upper limit of the above-defined thicknessrange. In this case, a thickness of about 1 to 5 mm is adopted. Informing an anti-dazzling layer on the light transparent base material,the base material may be previously subjected to physical treatment suchas corona discharge treatment or oxidation treatment or may bepreviously coated with an anchoring agent or a coating material known asa primer from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion.

II. Utilization of Optical Laminate

The optical laminate produced by the process according to the presentinvention may be used in the following applications.

Polarizing Plate

In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided apolarizing plate comprising a polarizing element and the opticallaminate according to the present invention. More specifically, there isprovided a polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element and theoptical laminate according to the present invention provided on thesurface of the polarizing element, the optical laminate being providedso that the surface of the optical laminate remote from theanti-dazzling layer faces the surface of the polarizing element. Thepolarizing element may comprise, for example, polyvinyl alcohol films,polyvinylformal films, polyvinylacetal films, and ethylene-vinyl acetatecopolymer-type saponified films, which have been dyed with iodine or adye and stretched. In the lamination treatment, preferably, the lighttransparent base material (preferably a triacetylcellulose film) issaponified from the viewpoint of increasing the adhesion or antistaticpurposes.

Image Display Device

In a further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided animage display device. The image display device comprises a transmissiondisplay and a light source device for applying light to the transmissiondisplay from its back side. The optical laminate according to thepresent invention or the polarizing plate according to the presentinvention is provided on the surface of the transmission display. Theimage display device according to the present invention may basicallycomprise a light source device, a display element, and the opticallaminate according to the present invention. The image display device isutilized in transmission display devices, particularly in displays oftelevisions, computers, word processors and the like. Among others, theimage display device is used on the surface of displays forhigh-definition images such as CRTs, PDPs, and liquid crystal panels.

When the image display device according to the present invention is aliquid crystal display device, light emitted from the light sourcedevice is applied through the lower side of the optical laminateaccording to the present invention. In STN-type liquid crystal displaydevices, a phase difference plate may be inserted into between theliquid crystal display element and the polarizing plate, if necessary,an adhesive layer may be provided between individual layers in theliquid crystal display device.

EXAMPLES

The following embodiments further illustrate the present invention.However, it should be noted that the contents of the present inventionare not limited by these embodiments. The “parts” and “%” are by massunless otherwise specified. All of monodisperse fine particlesincorporated in the following compositions are those having a particlesize distribution of average particle diameter ±0.3 to ±1 μm. In thecase of fine particles having particle diameters of not more than 3.5μm, however, this particle distribution is not applied.

Compositions for respective layers constituting an optical laminate wereprepared according to the following formulations.

Preparation of Composition for Anti-dazzling Layer

Composition 1 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Example 9)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 21 pts. mass (refractive index 1.51)Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 9 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3 pts. mass (molecular weight75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts. mass (manufacturedby Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 9070.33 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Firstlight transparent fine particles: 4.95 pts. mass monodisperse acrylicbeads (particle diameter 4.6 μm, refractive index 1.535) Second lighttransparent fine particles: 0.33 pt. mass styrene beads (particlediameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-280.0132 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & ChemicalsManufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 42%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 1 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Composition 2 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Example 11)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 19.5 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Isocyanuric acid-modified diacrylate M215 10.5 pts. mass(manufactured by TOAGOSEI Co., Ltd.) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3pts. mass (molecular weight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 1841.98 pts. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.33 pt. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) First light transparent fine particles: 3.3pts. mass monodisperse acrylic beads (particle diameter 9.0 μm,refractive index 1.535) Second light transparent fine particles: 4.62pt. mass styrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60)Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.0132 pt. mass (manufactured byDainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio or 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 60%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 2 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Composition 3 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Comparative Example 1)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 19.5 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 10.5 pts. mass (refractiveindex 1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3 pts. mass (molecular weight75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts. mass (manufacturedby Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 9070.33 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Lighttransparent fine particles: 6.6 pts. mass monodisperse acrylic beads(particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.535) Silicone levelingagent 10-28 0.0132 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color &Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 40.5%. They were thoroughly mixed together to preparea composition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 3 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Composition 4 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Comparative Example 2)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 19.5 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 10.5 pts. mass (refractiveindex 1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3 pts. mass (molecular weight75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts. mass (manufacturedby Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 9070.33 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Lighttransparent fine particles: 6.6 pts. mass monodisperse acrylic beads(particle diameter 5.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) Silicone levelingagent 10-28 0.0132 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color &Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 40.5%. They were thoroughly mixed together to preparea composition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 4 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Composition 5 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Comparative Example 3)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 19.5 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 10.5 pts. mass (refractiveindex 1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3 pts. mass (molecular weight75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts. mass (manufacturedby Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 9070.33 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Lighttransparent fine particles: 6.6 pts. mass Acrylic beads having aparticle size distribution (particle diameter 5.0 μm ± 3.0, refractiveindex 1.535) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.0132 pt. mass (manufacturedby Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2, were added so that the totalsolid content was 40.5%. They were thoroughly mixed together to preparea composition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 5 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Composition 6 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Comparative Examples 4, 5 and 6)

Urethane acrylate monomer UV 1700 B 30 pts. mass (refractive index 1.52)Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3 pts. mass (molecular weight 75,000)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.33 pt.mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Light transparentfine particles: 6.6 pts. mass monodisperse styrene beads (particlediameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-280.0132 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & ChemicalsManufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and toluene as a solvent were added so that thetotal solid content was 40.0%. They were thoroughly mixed together toprepare a composition. This composition was filtered through apolypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to preparecomposition 6 for an anti-dazzling layer.

Composition 7 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Comparative Example 7)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 18 pts. mass (refractive index 1.51)Isocyanuric acid-modified diacrylate M215 12 pts. mass (manufactured byTOAGOSEI Co., Ltd.) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3 pts. mass(molecular weight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts.mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuringinitiator: Irgacure 907 0.33 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba SpecialtyChemicals, K.K.) Light transparent fine particles: 5.28 pts. massmonodisperse acrylic beads (particle diameter 5.0 μm, refractive index1.53) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.0132 pt. mass (manufactured byDainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 40.5%. They were thoroughly mixed together to preparea composition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 7 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Composition 8 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Comparative Example 8)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 13.0 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Isocyanuric acid-modified diacrylate M215 7.0 pts. mass(manufactured by TOAGOSEI Co., Ltd.) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2pts. mass (molecular weight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 1841.32 pts. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.22 pt. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) First light transparent fine particles: 4.4pts. mass monodisperse acrylic beads (particle diameter 9.0 μm,refractive index 1.535) Second light transparent fine particles: 0.44pt. mass monodisperse styrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm,refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.0077 pt. mass(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 40.5%. They were thoroughly mixed together to preparea composition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 8 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Composition 9 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Comparative Example 9)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 28.4 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 1.50 pts. mass (refractiveindex 1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3.18 pts. mass (molecularweight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.96 pts. mass(manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator:Irgacure 907 0.33 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals,K.K.) Light transparent fine particles: 4.55 pts. mass monodispersestyrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60) Siliconeleveling agent 10-28 0.0105 pt. mass (manufactured by DainichiseikaColor & Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 7:3 were added so that the totalsolid content was 38%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 9 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Composition 10 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Comparative Example 10)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 12.0 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Isocyanuric acid-modified diacrylate M215 8.0 pts. mass(manufatured by TOAGOSEI Co., Ltd.) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2pts. mass (molecular weight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 1841.32 pts. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.22 pt. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) First light transparent fine particles: 4.84pts. mass monodisperse styrene-acrylic copolymer beads (particlediameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.555) Second light transparent fineparticles: 0.55 pt. mass monodisperse styrene beads (particle diameter3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.0077 pt.mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 6:4 were added so that the totalsolid content was 38%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 10 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Composition 11 for Anti-dazzling Layer (Comparative Example 14)

Ultraviolet curing resin: 30 pts. mass pentaerythritol triacrylate(PETA) (manufactured by Nippon kayaku Co., Ltd., refractive index 1.51)Cellulose acetate propionate: CAP 0.375 pt. mass (molecular weight50,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.82 pts. mass (manufacturedby Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 9070.30 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Siliconeleveling agent 10-28 0.125 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color& Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Light transparent fine particles:2.73 pts. mass monodisperse polystyrene particles (manufactured by SokenChemical Engineering Co., Ltd., particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractiveindex 1.60)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio or 7:3 were added so that the totalsolid content was 35%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 11 for ananti-dazzling layer.

Preparation of Composition for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

Composition 1 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 1)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 14 pts. mass (refractive index 1.51)Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 6 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2 pts. mass (molecular weight75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.32 pts. mass (manufacturedby Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 9070.22 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Firstlight transparent fine particles: 0.64 pt. mass styrene beads (particlediameter 5.0 μm, refractive index 1.60) Second light transparent fineparticles: 2.2 pts. mass melamine beads (particle diameter 1.8 μm,refractive index 1.68) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.0088 pt. mass(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 42%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 1 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 2 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Examples 2, 3, 4, 5,and 6)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 19.5 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 10.5 pts. mass (refractiveindex 1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3 pts. mass (molecular weight75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts. mass (manufacturedby Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 9070.33 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Firstlight transparent fine particles: 4.95 pts. mass monodisperse acrylicbeads (particle diameter 9.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) Second lighttransparent fine particles: 6.6 pts. mass styrene beads (particlediameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-280.0132 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & ChemicalsManufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 40.5%. They were thoroughly mixed together to preparea composition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 2 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 3 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 7 and 8)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 19.5 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 10.5 pts. mass (refractiveindex 1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3 pts. mass (molecular weight75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts. mass (manufacturedby Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 9070.33 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Firstlight transparent fine particles: 6.6 pts. mass monodisperse acrylicbeads (particle diameter 7.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) Second lighttransparent fine particles: 11.55 pts. mass styrene beads (particlediameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-280.0132 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & ChemicalsManufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 40.5%. They were thoroughly mixed together to preparea composition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 3 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 4 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 10)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 30 pts. mass (refractive index 1.51)Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3 pts. mass (molecular weight 75,000)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.33 pt.mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) First lighttransparent fine particles: 4.95 pts. mass monodisperse acrylic beads(particle diameter 7.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) Second lighttransparent fine particles: 5.445 pts. mass styrene beads (particlediameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-280.0132 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & ChemicalsManufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 40.5%. They were thoroughly mixed together to preparea composition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 4 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 5 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 12)

An amorphous silica matting agent dispersed ink (a resin (PETA)dispersion liquid of amorphous silica having an average particlediameter of 2.5 μm; solid content: 60%; silica component: 15%, of totalsolid content; solvent: toluene) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA)(refractive index 1.51) as an ultraviolet curing resin were used forpreparing a composition comprising, based on 100 parts by mass in totalof PETA in the total solid content, 20 parts by mass of monodisperseacrylic beads (particle diameter 7.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) aslight transparent fine particles, 3.0 parts by mass of monodispersestyrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60), and 2.0parts by mass of amorphous silica. Further, 0.04%, based on 100 parts bymass in total of the resin, of a silicone leveling agent 10-28(manufactured by Dainichiselka Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.) was added so that the solid content of the final composition was40.5% by weight. Furthermore, suitable amounts of toluene andcyclohexanone (toluene/cyclohexanone=8/2) were added, and the mixturewas thoroughly mixed. The composition thus obtained was filtered througha polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to preparecomposition 5 for a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 6 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Examples 13 and 14)

An amorphous silica matting agent dispersed ink (a resin (PETA)dispersion liquid of amorphous silica having an average particlediameter of 2.5 μm; solid content: 60%; silica component: 15% of totalsolid content; solvent: toluene) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA)(refractive index 1.51) as an ultraviolet curing resin were used forpreparing a composition comprising, based on 100 parts by mass in totalof PETA in the total solid content, 20 parts by mass of monodisperseacrylic beads (particle diameter 7.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) aslight transparent fine particles, 16.5 parts by mass of monodispersestyrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60), and 2.0parts by mass of amorphous silica. Further, 0.04%, based on 100 parts bymass in total of the resin, of a silicone leveling agent 10-28(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.) was added so that the solid content of the final composition was40.5% by weight. Furthermore, suitable amounts of toluene andcyclohexanone (toluene/cyclohexanone=8/2) were added, and the mixturewas thoroughly mixed. The composition thus obtained was filtered througha polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to preparecomposition 6 for a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 7 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 15)

An amorphous silica matting agent dispersed ink (a resin (PETA)dispersion liquid of amorphous silica having an average particlediameter of 2.5 μm; solid content, 60%; silica component: 15% of totalsolid content; solvent: toluene) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA)(refractive index 1.51) as an ultraviolet curing resin were used forpreparing a composition comprising, based on 100 parts by mass in totalof PETA in the total solid content, 20 parts by mass of monodisperseacrylic beads (particle diameter 7.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) aslight transparent fine particles, 8.5 parts by mass of monodispersestyrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60), and 2.0parts by mass of amorphous silica. Further, 0.04%, based on 100 parts bymass in total of the resin, of a silicone leveling agent 10-28(manufactured by Dainichiselka Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.) was added so that the solid content of the final composition was40.5% by weight. Furthermore, suitable amounts of toluene andcyclohexanone (toluene/cyclohexanone=8/2) were added, and the mixturewas thoroughly mixed. The composition thus obtained was filtered througha polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to preparecomposition 7 for a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 8 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 16 and 17)

An amorphous silica matting agent dispersed ink (a resin (PETA)dispersion liquid or amorphous silica having an average particlediameter of 2.5 μm; solid content: 60%; silica component: 15% of totalsolid content; solvent: toluene) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA)(refractive index 1.51) as an ultraviolet curing resin were used forpreparing a composition comprising, based on 100 parts by mass in totalof PETA in the total solid content, 20 parts by mass of monodisperseacrylic beads (particle diameter 7.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) aslight transparent fine particles, 2.5 parts by mass of monodispersestyrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60), and 2.0parts by mass of amorphous silica. Further, 0.04%, based on 100 parts bymass in total of the resin, of a silicone leveling agent 10-28(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.) was added so that the solid content of the final composition was40.5% by weight. Furthermore, suitable amounts of toluene andcyclohexanone (toluene/cyclohexanone=8/2) were added, and the mixturewas thoroughly mixed. The composition thus obtained was filtered througha polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to preparecomposition 8 for a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 9 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 18)

An amorphous silica matting agent dispersed ink (a resin (PETA)dispersion liquid of amorphous silica having an average particlediameter of 2.5 μm; solid content: 60%; silica component: 15% of totalsolid content; solvent; toluene) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA)(refractive index 1.51) as an ultraviolet curing resin were used forpreparing a composition comprising, based on 100 parts by mass in totalof PETA in the total solid content, 20 parts by mass of monodisperseacrylic beads (particle diameter 7.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) aslight transparent fine particles, 2.5 parts by mass of monodispersestyrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60), and 1.0parts by mass of amorphous silica. Further, 0.04%, based on 100 parts bymass in total of the resin, of a silicone leveling agent 10-28(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.) was added so that the solid content of the final composition was40.5% by weight. Furthermore, suitable amounts of toluene andcyclohexanone (toluene/cyclohexanone=8/2) were added, and the mixturewas thoroughly mixed. The composition thus obtained was filtered througha polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to preparecomposition 9 for a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 10 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 19)

An amorphous silica matting agent dispersed ink (a resin (PETA)dispersion liquid of amorphous silica having an average particlediameter of 2.5 μm; solid content: 60%; silica component: 15% of totalsolid content; solvent: toluene) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA)(refractive index 1.51) as an ultraviolet curing resin were used forpreparing a composition comprising, based on 100 parts by mass in totalof PETA in the total solid content, 20 parts by mass of monodisperseacrylic beads (particle diameter 7.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) aslight transparent fine particles, 2.5 parts by mass of monodispersestyrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60), and 3.5parts by mass of amorphous silica. Further, 0.04%, based on 100 parts bymass in total of the resin, of a silicone leveling agent 10-28(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.) was added so that the solid content of the final composition was40.5% by weight. Furthermore, suitable amounts of toluene andcyclohexanone (toluene/cyclohexanone=8/2) were added, and the mixturewas thoroughly mixed. The composition thus obtained was filtered througha polypropylene alter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to preparecomposition 10 for a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 11 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 20 andComparative Example 11)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 13.0 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Isocyanuric acid-modified diacrylate M215 7.0 pts. mass(manufactured by TOAGOSEI Co., Ltd.) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2pts. mass (molecular weight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 1841.32 pts. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.22 pt. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) First light transparent fine particles: 0.44pt. mass monodisperse acrylic beads (particle diameter 13.5 μm,refractive index 1.535) Second light transparent fine particles: 0.88pt. mass monodisperse styrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm,refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.0077 pt. mass(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 6:4 were added so that the totalsolid content was 38%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 11 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 12 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 21)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 13.0 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Isocyanuric acid-modified diacrylate M215 7.0 pts. mass(manufactured by TOAGOSEI Co., Ltd.) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2pts. mass (molecular weight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 1841.32 pts. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.22 pt. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) First light transparent fine particles: 0.88pt. mass monodisperse acrylic beads (particle diameter 13.5 μm,refractive index 1.535) Second light transparent fine particles: 0.88pt. mass monodisperse styrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm,refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.0077 pt. mass(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 6:4 were added so that the totalsolid content was 38%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 12 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 13 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 22)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 27.53 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 1.50 pts. mass (refractiveindex 1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3.10 pts. mass (molecularweight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.89 pts. mass(manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator:Irgacure 907 0.32 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals,K.K.) First light transparent fine particles: 4.81 pts. massmonodisperse styrene beads (particle diameter 5.0 μm, refractive index1.60) Second light transparent fine particles: 4.81 pts. massmonodisperse melamine beads (particle diameter 1.8 μm, refractive index1.68) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.0130 pt. mass (manufactured byDainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 7:3 were added so that the totalsolid content was 38%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 13 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 14 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Comparative Example12)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 32 pts. mass (refractive index 1.51)Cellulose acetate propionate: CAP 0.4 pt. mass (molecular weight 50,000)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.92 pts. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.32 pt.mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Silicone levelingagent 10-28 0.11 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color &Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Light transparent fine particles:1.94 pts. mass monodisperse polystyrene particles (particle diameter 3.5μm, refractive index 1.60)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 7:3 were added so that the totalsolid content was 38%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 14 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 15 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Comparative Example13)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 13.0 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Isocyanuric acid-modified diacrylate M215 7.0 pts. mass(manufactured by TOAGOSEI Co., Ltd.) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2pts. mass (molecular weight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 1841.32 pts. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.22 pt. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) First light transparent fine particles: 0.88pt. mass monodisperse acrylic beads (particle diameter 13.5 μm,refractive index 1.535) Second light transparent fine particles: 1.76pts. mass monodisperse styrene beads (particle diameter 3.5 μm,refractive index 1.60) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.077 pt. mass(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 6:4 were added so that the totalsolid content was 38%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 15 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 16 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Comparative Example15)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 20 pts. mass (refractive index 1.51)Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2.0 pts. mass (molecular weight 75,000)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.32 pts. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.22 pt.mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) First lighttransparent fine particles: 4.54 pts. mass monodisperse acrylic beads(particle diameter 9.0 μm, refractive index 1.535) Second lighttransparent fine particles: 6.17 pts. mass monodisperse styrene beads(particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.60) Silicone levelingagent 10-28 0.09 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color &Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 8:2 were added so that the totalsolid content was 40%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 16 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Composition 17 for Substrate Concavoconvex Layer (Example 23)

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 28.5 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 1.50 pts. mass (refractiveindex 1.51) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 3.0 pts. mass (molecularweight 75,000) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.98 pts. mass(manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator:Irgacure 907 0.33 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals,(K.K.) First light transparent fine particles: 4.95 pts. massmonodisperse styrene beads (particle diameter 5.0 μm, refractive index1.60) Second light transparent fine particles: 3.96 pts. massmonodisperse melamine beads (particle diameter 1.8 μm, refractive index1.68) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.115 pt. mass (manufactured byDainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)

The above materials and a mixed solvent composed mainly of toluene andcyclohexanone at a mixing ratio of 7:3 were added so that the totalsolid content was 38%. They were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition. This composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition 17 for asubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Preparation of Composition for Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for Surface Modifying Layer

UV1700B (manufactured by Nippon 31.1 pts. mass Synthetic ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd., polyfunctional urethane acrylate, refractive index1.51) M315 (manufactured by 10.4 pts. mass TOAGOSEI CO., LTD.)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 2.49 pts. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.41 pt.mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Contaminationpreventive agent: UT-3971 2.07 pts. mass (manufactured by NipponSynthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Toluene 48.0 pts. massCyclohexanone 5.5 pts. mass

The above components were thoroughly mixed together, and the mixture wasfiltered through a polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 10 μmto prepare composition 1 for a surface modifying layer.

Composition 2 for Surface Modifying Layer

UV1700B (manufactured by Nippon 31.1 pts. mass Synthetic ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd., refractive index 1.51) M315 (manufactured by 10.4pts. mass TOAGOSEI CO., LTD.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 2.49pts. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuringinitiator: Irgacure 907 0.41 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba SpecialtyChemicals, K.K.) Contamination preventive agent: UT-3971 2.07 pts. mass(manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Toluene525.18 pts. mass Cyclohexanone 60.28 pts. mass

The above components were thoroughly mixed together to prepare acomposition, and the composition was filtered through a polypropylenefilter having a pore diameter of 10 μm to prepare composition 2 for asurface modifying layer.

Composition 3 for Surface Modifying Layer

UV1700B (manufactured by Nippon 31.1 pts. mass Synthetic ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd., refractive index 1.51) M315 (manufactured by 10.4pts. mass TOAGOSEI CO., LTD.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 0.49pts. mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuringinitiator: Irgacure 907 0.41 pt. mass (manufactured by Ciba SpecialtyChemicals, K.K.) Silicone leveling agent 10-28 0.19 pt. mass(manufactured by Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.) Toluene 48.0 pts. mass Cyclohexanone 5.5 pts. mass

The above components were thoroughly mixed together, and the mixture wasfiltered through a polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 10 μmto prepare composition 3 for a surface modifying layer.

Composition 4 for Surface Modifying Layer

Antistatic agent: C-4456 S-7 21.6 pts. mass (an ATO-containingelectroconductive Ink, average particle diameter of ATO: 300 to 400 nm,solid content 45%) Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) 28.69 pts. mass(refractive index 1.51) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 1.56 pts.mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) MIBK (methylisobutyl ketone) 33.7 pts. mass Cyclohexanone 14.4 pts. mass

The above components were mixed together, and the mixture was filteredthrough a polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μm toprepare composition 4 for a surface modifying layer.

Composition 5 for surface Modifying Layer

Composition 5 for a surface modifying layer having the followingformulation was prepared using a zirconia-containing coating composition(manufactured by JSR, tradename; “KZ 7973”, a resin matrix having arefractive index of 1.69, solid content 50%) so that the resin matrixhad a refractive index of 1.60.

Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) 18.59 pts. mass (refractive index1.51) Zirconia (manufactured by JSR, 17.18 pts. mass zirconia containedin “KZ 7973” (tradename), average particle diameter 40 to 60 nm,refractive index 2.0) (for incorporation in an ultraviolet curing resinto develop a resin matrix) Zirconia dispersant (manufactured by 1.22pts. mass JSR, a zirconia dispersion stabilizer contained in “KZ 7973”(tradename)) Acrylic polymer 0.94 pt. mass (molecular weight 40,000)Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 184 3.56 pts. mass (manufactured by CibaSpecialty Chemicals, K.K.) Photocuring initiator: Irgacure 907 0.26 pt.mass (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Silicone levelingagent 10-28 0.039 pt. mass (manufactured by Dainichiseika Color &Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Toluene 14.34 pts. mass Cyclohexanone15.76 pts. mass MEK 2.80 pts. mass

The above components were thoroughly mixed together, and the mixture wasfiltered through a polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μmto prepare composition 5 for a surface modifying layer.

Composition 6 for Surface Modifying Layer

Colloidal silica slurry 26.01 pts. mass (MIBK dispersion liquid); solidcontent: 40%, average particle diameter; 20 nm) UV-1700B (ultravioletcuring resin; 23.20 pts. mass manufactured by Nippon Synthetic ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd.) Aronix M315 (ultraviolet curing resin; 7.73 pts.mass manufactured by TOAGOSEI CO., LTD.) Irgacure 184 (photocuringinitiator; 1.86 pts. mass manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals,K.K.) Irgacure 907 (photocuring initiator; 0.31 pt. mass manufactured byCiba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) UT-3971 (contamination preventive agent;1.55 pts. mass MIBK solution (solid content 30%); manufactured by NipponSynthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Toluene 19.86 pts. mass MIBK15.56 pts. mass Cyclohexanone 3.94 pts. mass

The above components were thoroughly mixed together, and the mixture wasfiltered through a polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μmto prepare composition 6 for a surface modifying layer.

Composition 7 for Surface Modifying Layer

Colloidal silica slurry 26.01 pts. mass (MIBK dispersion liquid); solidcontent: 40%, average particle diameter: 20 nm UV-1700B (ultravioletcuring resin; 23.20 pts. mass manufactured by Nippon Synthetic ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd.) Aronix M315 (ultraviolet curing resin; 7.73 pts.mass manufactured by TOAGOSEI CO., LTD.) Irgacure 184 (photocuringinitiator; 1.86 pts. mass manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals,K.K.) Irgacure 907 (photocuring initiator; 0.31 pt. mass manufactured byCiba Specialty Chemicals, K.K.) Silicone 10-28 0.14 pt. mass (siliconeleveling agent; toluene solution (solid content 10%); manufactured byDainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Toluene 19.86pts. mass MIBK 15.56 pts. mass Cyclohexanone 3.94 pts. mass

The above components were thoroughly mixed together, and the mixture wasfiltered through a polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 30 μmto prepare composition 7 for a surface modifying layer.

Preparation of Composition for Low-Refractive Index Layer

Composition for Low-Refractive Index Layer

Fluororesin composition 34.14 pts. mass (tradename; “TM086”,manufactured by JSR) Photopolymerization initiator 0.85 pt. mass(tradename; “JUA701,” manufactured by JSR) MIBK 65 pts. mass

The above components were stirred, and the mixture was filtered througha polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 10 μm to preparecomposition 1 for a low-refractive index layer.

Composition 2 for Low-Refractive Index Layer

The following components were stirred according to the followingformulation, and the mixture was filtered through a polypropylene filterhaving a pore diameter of 10 μm to prepare composition 2 for alow-refractive index layer.

Hollow silica slurry 9.57 pts. mass (IPA and MIBK dispersion liquid;solid content 20%, particle diameter 50 nm) PET30 (ultraviolet curingresin; 0.981 pt. mass manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) AR110(fluoropolymer; MIBK solution 6.53 pts. mass (solid content 15%),manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) Irgacure 369 (photocuringinitiator; 0.069 pt. mass manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals,K.K.) X-22-164E (silicone leveling agent; 0.157 pt. mass manufactured byThe Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) Propylene glycol monomethyl ether(PGME) 28.8 pts. mass Methy isobutyl ketone 53.9 pts. mass

The above components were stirred, and the mixture was filtered througha polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 10 μm to preparecomposition 2 for a low-refractive index layer.

Composition 3 for Low-refractive Index Layer

Surface treated silica sol (void-containing 14.3 pts. mass fineparticles) (as 20% methyl isobutyl ketone solution) Pentaerythritoltriacrylate 1.95 pts. mass (PETA, refractive index 1.51) Irgacure 907(manufactured by Ciba 0.1 pt. mass Specialty Chemicals, K.K.)Polyether-modified silicone oil TSF4460 0.15 pt. mass (tradename,manufactured by GE Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.) Methyl isobutyl ketone83.5 pts. mass

The above components were stirred, and the mixture was filtered througha polypropylene filter having a pore diameter of 10 μm to preparecomposition 3 for a low-refractive index layer.

Preparation of Composition for Antistatic Layer

The following components were stirred according to the followingformulation, and was filtered through a polypropylene filter having apore diameter of 30 μm to prepare composition for an antistatic layer.

Antistatic agent: C-4456 S-7 2.0 pts. mass (an ATO-containingelectroconductive ink, average particle diameter of ATO: 300 to 400 nm,solid content 45%, manufactured by NIPPON PELNOX CORP.) Methyl isobutylketone 2.84 pts. mass Cyclohexanone 1.22 pts. mass

Production of Optical Laminates

Each optical laminate was prepared as follows. Materials, formulations,and properties of the composition for an anti-dazzling layer or thecomposition for a substrate concavoconvex layer used in the productionof optical laminates were as shown in Table 1.

Example 1

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 1 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #10, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, under nitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than200 ppm), ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 14 mJ to curethe coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer. Inthis case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.17 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 2 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for one minto evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 6.5μm.

Example 2

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 2 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #10, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 13μm.

Example 3

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 2 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #10, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 3 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 30 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate.

Formation of Low-Refractive Index Layer

Composition 1 for a low-refractive index layer was further coated ontothe surface modifying layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #4, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 50° C. for one minto evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 150 mJ to cure the coating film. Thus, about100 nm-thick low-refractive index layer was formed to produce ananti-dazzling low-reflectance optical laminate. The total thickness ofthe anti-dazzling layer was about 13 μm.

Example 4

Formation of Antistatic Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material. Thecomposition for an antistatic layer was coated onto the transparent basematerial with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #7, and thecoated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 50° C. forone min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogenpurge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet lightwas applied at an exposure of 30 mJ for half curing to cure the coatingfilm. Thus, a 1 μm-thick antistatic layer was formed.

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

Composition 2 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto theantistatic layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #10,and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for one min toevaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 30 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a substrate concavoconvex layer. In this case, the development ofan internal diffusion effect and more effective prevention ofscintillation could be realized by using fine particles having a maximumrefractive index difference of 0.09 from that of the binder resin in thesubstrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 3 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 30 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate.

Formation of Low-refractive Index Layer

Composition 3 for a low-refractive index layer was further coated ontothe surface modifying layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #4, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 50° C. for one minto evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 150 mJ to cure the coating film, Thus, about100 nm-thick low-refractive index layer was formed to produce ananti-dazzling low-reflectance optical laminate. The laminate may haveantistatic properties. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layerwas about 14 μm.

Example 5

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 2 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #10, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 ml tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 5 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 30 ml to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate.

Formation of Low-refracting Index Layer

Composition 1 for a low-refractive index layer was further coated ontothe surface modifying layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #4, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 50° C. for one minto evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 150 ml to cure the coating film. Thus, about100 nm-thick low-refractive index layer was formed to produce ananti-dazzling low-reflectance optical laminate. The total thickness ofthe anti-dazzling layer was about 13 μm.

Example 6

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 2 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #10, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 4 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 13μm.

Example 7

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 3 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention or scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation or Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 4 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 11μm.

Example 8

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 3 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 30 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate.

Formation of Low-refractive Index Layer

Composition 3 for a low-refractive index layer was further coated ontothe surface modifying layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #4, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 50° C. for one minto evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 150 mJ to cure the coating film. Thus, about100 nm-thick low-refractive index layer was formed to produce ananti-dazzling low-reflectance optical laminate. The total thickness ofthe anti-dazzling layer was about 11 μm.

Example 9

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 1 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #10, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. In thiscase, the development of an internal diffusion effect and more effectiveprevention of scintillation could be realized by using fine particleshaving a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from that of thebinder resin in the anti-dazzling layer. The total thickness of theanti-dazzling layer was about 4.5 μm.

Example 10

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 4 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 12μm.

Example 11

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 2 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #28, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration; not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. In thiscase, the development of an internal diffusion effect and more effectiveprevention of scintillation could be realized by using fine particleshaving a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from that of thebinder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer. The total thicknessof the anti-dazzling layer was about 27 μm.

Example 12

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 5 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 11μm.

Example 13

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 6 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 6 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 11μm.

Example 14

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 6 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 ml tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 7 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 30 ml to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate.

Formation of Low-refractive Index Layer

Composition 2 for a low-refractive index layer was further coated ontothe surface modifying layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #4, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 50° C. for one minto evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration, not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 150 ml to cure the coating film. Thus, about100 nm-thick low-refractive index layer was formed to produce ananti-dazzling low-reflectance optical laminate. The total thickness ofthe anti-dazzling layer was about 11 μm.

Example 15

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 7 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 6 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 ml to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 11μm.

Example 16

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 8 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 6 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration; not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer on the basematerial was about 11 μm.

Example 17

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 8 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 7 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen is concentration; not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 30 ml to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate.

Formation of Low-refractive Index Layer

Composition 2 for a low-refractive index layer was further coated ontothe surface modifying layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #4, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 50° C. for one minto evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 150 mJ to cure the coating film. Thus, about100 nm-thick low-refractive index layer was formed to produce ananti-dazzling low-reflectance optical laminate. The total thickness ofthe anti-dazzling layer was about 11 μm.

Example 18

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 9 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 6 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration; not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 11μm.

Example 19

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 10 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 6 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 11μm.

Example 20

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 11 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #14, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 ml tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 16μm.

Example 21

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 12 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #14, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.In this case, the development of an internal diffusion effect and moreeffective prevention of scintillation could be realized by using fineparticles having a maximum refractive index difference of 0.09 from thatof the binder resin in the substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration; not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 16μm.

Example 22

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 13 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #14, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, under nitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than200 ppm), ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 ml to curethe coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 2 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for one minto evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration; not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 ml to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 6.5aim.

Example 23

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 17 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #14, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, under nitrogen purge (oxygen concentration; not more than200 ppm), ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 14 mJ to curethe coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 2 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #10, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 7.5μm.

Comparative Example 1

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 3 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #8, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 5 μm.

Comparative Example 7

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 4 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #36, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 38 μm.

Comparative Example 3

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 5 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #10, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. In thelaminate thus formed, the average particle size distribution was broadand, due to the influence of giant particles which are unevenly present,the concavoconvex shape was not uniform. Consequently, the laminate hada deteriorated scintillation property. The total thickness of theanti-dazzling layer was about 5 μm.

Comparative Example 4

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 6 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #14, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 7 μm.

Comparative Example 5

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 6 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #12, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 6 μm.

Comparative Example 6

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 6 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #10, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 5 μm.

Comparative Example 7

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 7 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #10, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 4.5 μm.

Comparative Example 8

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 8 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #10, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 7 μm.

Comparative Example 9

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 9 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto the transparentbase material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer's bar) #12, andthe coated transparent base material was heat dried in an oven of 70° C.for one min to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, undernitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm),ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure thecoating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 4.5 μm.

Comparative Example 10

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 10 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, under nitrogen purge (oxygen concentration; not more than200 ppm), ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to curethe coating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 4.5 μm.

Comparative Example 11

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 11 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #14, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration; not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 16μm.

Comparative Example 12

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 14 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, under nitrogen purge (oxygen concentration: not more than200 ppm), ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 14 mJ to curethe coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #20, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 13.5μm.

Comparative Example 13

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 15 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #14, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration: not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 16μm.

Comparative Example 14

Formation of Anti-dazzling Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 11 for an anti-dazzling layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #8, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, under nitrogen purge (oxygen concentration; not more than200 ppm), ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 100 mJ to curethe coating film and thus to form an anti-dazzling optical laminate. Thetotal thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 3 μm.

Comparative Example 15

Formation of Substrate Concavoconvex Layer

An 80 μm-thick triacetylcellulose film (TD80U, manufactured by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd.) was provided as a transparent base material.Composition 16 for a substrate concavoconvex layer was coated onto thetransparent base material with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #20, and the coated transparent base material was heat dried in anoven of 70° C. for one min to evaporate the solvent component.Thereafter, ultraviolet light was applied at an exposure of 30 mJ tocure the coating film and thus to form a substrate concavoconvex layer.

Formation of Surface Modifying Layer

Composition 1 for a surface modifying layer was further coated onto thesubstrate concavoconvex layer with a wire-wound rod for coating (Mayer'sbar) #12, and the coating was heat dried in an oven of 70° C. for onemin to evaporate the solvent component. Thereafter, under nitrogen purge(oxygen concentration; not more than 200 ppm), ultraviolet light wasapplied at an exposure of 100 mJ to cure the coating film and thus toform a surface modifying layer to produce an anti-dazzling opticallaminate. The total thickness of the anti-dazzling layer was about 16μm.

Evaluation Test

The following evaluation tests were carried out. The results are shownin Table 2.

Evaluation 1: Optical Property Test and Surface Shape

For the optical laminates of Examples and Comparative Examples, thewhole haze Ha value of the optical laminate, the internal haze value Hiand surface haze Hs of the optical laminate, Hi/Ha value, Sm, θa, Rz,reflection γ value (5-degree reflection), and surface resistivity(electrical surface resistance) were measured according to thedefinition described in the present specification.

Measurement of Surface Resistivity

The surface resistivity value (Ω/□) was measured at an applied voltageof 1000 V with a surface resistivity measuring device (manufactured byMitsubishi Chemical Corporation, product number; Hiresta IP MCP-HT260).

Evaluation 2: Glossy Black Feeling Test (Light Room Environment)

A crossed Nicol polarizing plate was applied onto each of the opticallaminates of Example and Comparative Example on its side remote from thefilm. Sensory evaluation was carried out under three-wavelengthfluorescence of 30 W (applied to the anti-dazzling layer face in a45-degree direction), and glossy black feeling (reproduction of glossyblack) was evaluated in detail according to the following criteria. Thesensory evaluation was carried out by visual observation from 50 cmabove the sample surface at an angle of about 45 degrees.

Evaluation Criteria

◯: Glossy black color could be reproduced.

Δ: Glossy black color could be somewhat reproduced but wasunsatisfactory as a product.

x: Glossy back color could not be reproduced.

Evaluation 3: Glare Test

A black matrix pattern plate (105 ppl, 140 ppl) formed on a 0.7 mm-thickglass was placed on a viewer manufactured by HAKUBA (light viewer7000PRO) so that the pattern surface faced downward. The opticallaminate film prepared above was placed thereon so that theconcavoconvex face was on the air side. Glare was visually observed in adark room while lightly pressing with a finger the edge of the film toprevent the lift of the film, and the results were evaluated.

Evaluation Criteria

⊚: No glare was observed at 140 ppl, and the antiglareness was good.

◯: No glare was observed at 105 ppl, and the antiglareness was good.

x: Glare was observed at 105 ppl, and the antiglareness was poor.

Evaluation 4: Anti-dazzling Property Evaluation Test

The backside of an optical laminate produced in the Examples andComparative Examples was subjected to treatment for rendering thebackside self-adhesive, and each of the treated optical laminates wereapplied to the black acrylic plate to prepare evaluation samples. A 20mm-width black-and-white stripe plate was provided. An image of thisstripe was caught in the sample (the sample face was inclined upward atan angle of about 30 degrees) at an angle of 20 degrees from a normal tothe sample face, and the sample was observed. The illuminance of thesample face was 250 lx (luxes), and the brightness (white) of the stripewas 65 cd/m². The distance between the stripe plate and the sample wasbrought to 1.5 m, and the distance between the sample and the viewer was1 m. The anti-dazzling property was evaluated in relationship with howthe stripe was viewed by an observer as followed.

Evaluation Criteria

◯: Stripe could not be perceived.

x: Stripe could be perceived.

TABLE 1-1 *Particle size distribution of monodisperse fine particles isaverage particle diameter ±0.3 to 1.0 μm. Light transparent fineparticles Binder Weight ratio per Addition amount Average unit area ofpolymer particle between resin Refractive (based on Monomer diameterMaterial and particle index binder) ratio Ex. 1 A) 5.0 μm A) St(styrene) Total: 0.27 A) 1.60 PMMA polymer PETA:DPHA = B) 1.8 μm B)Melamine A) 0.12 B) 1.68 10 wt % 70:30 wt % Mixed particle B) 0.10 (mw75000) system Ex. 2 9.0 μm 9.0 μm-PMMA 0.315 9.0 μm- PMMA polymerPETA:DPHA = 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (9.0 μm-0.15 n = 1.535 10 wt % 65:35 wt %Mixed particle 3.5 μm-0.20) 3.5 μm- (mw 75000) system n = 1.60 Ex. 3 ↓ ↓↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 4 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 5 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 6 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 7 7.0μm 7.0 μm-PMMA 0.55 7.0 μm- ↓ ↓ 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (7.0 μm-0.20 n = 1.5353.5 μm-0.35) 3.5 μm- n = 1.60 Ex. 8 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 9 A) 4.6 μm 4.6μm-PMMA Total: 0.20 A) 1.53 PMMA polymer PETA:DPHA = B) 3.5 μm(Hydrophobic A) 0.15 B) 1.60 10 wt % 70:30 wt % Mixed particle behavior)B) 0.01 (mw 75000) system 3.5 μm-St Ex. 10 7.0 μm 7.0 μm-PMMA Total:0.315 7.0 μm- PMMA polymer PETA 100% 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (7.0 μm-0.15 n =1.535 10 wt % Mixed particle 3.5 μm-0.165) 3.5 μm- (mw 75000) system n =1.60 Ex. 11 9.0 μm 9.0 μm-PMMA Total: 0.24 9.0 μm- PMMA polymerPETA:M215 = 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (9.0 μm-0.1 n = 1.535 10 wt % 65:35 wt %Mixed particle 3.5 μm-0.14) 3.5 μm- (mw 75000) system n = 1.60 Ex. 127.0 μm 7.0 μm-PMMA Tota: 0.25 7.0 μm- PMMA polymer PETA 100% 3.5 μm 3.5μm-St (7.0 μm-0.2 r = 1.635 10 wt % 2.5 μm 2.5 μm-Silica 3.5 μm-0.03 3.5μm- (mw 75000) Mixed particle 2.5 μm-0.02) n = 1.60 system 2.5 μm- n =1.47 to 1.50 Ex. 13 7.0 μm 7.0 μm-PMMA Total: 0.385 7.0 μm- PMMA polymerPETA 100% 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (7.0 μm-0.2 n = 1.535 10 wt % 2.5 μm 2.5μm-Silica 3.5 μm-0.165 3.5 μm- (mw 75000) Mixed particle 2.5 μm-0.02) n= 1.60 system 2.5 μm- n = 1.47 to 1.50 Ex. 14 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 15 ↓ ↓Total: 0.305 ↓ ↓ ↓ (7.0 μm-0.2 3.5 μm-0.085 2.5 μm-0.02) Ex. 16 ↓ ↓Total: 0.245 ↓ ↓ ↓ (7.0 μm-0.2 3.5 μm-0.025 2.5 μm-0.02) Ex. 17 {hacekover ( )} ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 18 {hacek over ( )} ↓ Total: 0.235 ↓ ↓ ↓ (7.0μm-0.2 3.5 μm-0.025 2.5 μm-0.01) Ex. 19 {hacek over ( )} ↓ Total: 0.26 ↓↓ ↓ (7.0 μm-0.2 3.5 μm-0.025 2.5 μm-0.035) Ex. 20 13.50 μm 13.5 μm-PMMATotal: 0.05 13.5 μm- PMMA polymer PETA:M215 = 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (13.5μm-0.20 n = 1.535 10 wt % 65:35 wt % Mixed particle 3.5 μm-0.04) 3.5 μm-(mw 75000) system n = 1.60 Ex. 21 ↓ ↓ Total: 0.08 ↓ ↓ ↓ (13.5 μm-0.043.5 μm-0.04) Ex. 22 A) 5.0 μm A) St (styrene) Total: 0.3 A) 1.60 PMMApolymer PETA:DPHA = B) 1.8 μm B) Melamine A) 0.15 B) 1.68 10 wt % 95:5wt % Mixed particle B) 0.15 (mw 75000) system Ex. 23 A) 5.0 μm A) St(styrene) Total: 0.27 A) 1.60 PMMA polymer PETA:DPHA = B) 1.8 μm B)Melamine A) 0.15 B) 1.68 10 wt % 95:5 wt % Mixed particle B) 0.12 (mw75000) system Solvent composition (Ratio of Difference in refractiveBinder toluene to index between light Refractive coating compositiontransparent fine particles index component) and binder Ex. 1 1.51Toluene:cyclohexanone = 0.09 80:20 wt % 0.17 (42.0 wet %) Ex. 2 1.51Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.025 80:20 wt % 0.09 (40.5 wet %) Ex. 3 ↓ ↓ ↓Ex. 4 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 5 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 6 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 7 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 8 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 9 1.51Toluene:cyclohexanone = 0.02 80:20 wt % 0.09 (42.0 wet %) Ex. 10 1.51Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.025 80:20 wt % 0.09 (40.5 wet %) Ex. 11 1.51Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.025 80:20 wt % 0.09 (60 wet %) Ex. 12 1.51Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.025 80:20 wt % 0.09 (40.5 wet %) 0.01 to 0.04Ex. 13 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.025 80:20 wt % 0.09 (40.5 wet %)0.01 to 0.04 Ex. 14 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 15 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 16 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 17 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 18↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 19 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 20 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.025 60:40 wt %0.09 (38.0 wet %) Ex. 21 ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 22 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone = 0.0970:30 wt % 0.17 (38.0 wet %) Ex. 23 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone = 0.0970:30 wt % 0.17 (38.0 wet %)

TABLE 1-2 Light transparent fine particles Binder Weight Addition ratioamount of per unit area polymer Average between resin (based on particlediameter Material and particle Refractive index binder) Comp. 5 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓Ex. 2 Comp. 5 ± 3.0 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 3 (Particle size distribution) Comp. 3.5St — 1.50 ↓ Ex. 4 Comp. ↓ ↓ — ↓ {hacek over ( )} Ex. 5 Comp. ↓ ↓ — ↓{hacek over ( )} Ex. 6 Comp. 3.5 μm PMMA 0.16 n = 1.535 PMMA polymer Ex.7 10 wt % (mw 75000) Comp. 9.0 μm 9.0 μm-PMMA Total: 0.22 9.0 μm-n =1.535 PMMA polymer Ex. 8 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (9.0 μm-0.22 3.5 μm-n = 1.6010 wt % Mixed particle 3.5 μm-0.02) (mw 75000) system Comp. 3.5 μm St0.14 n = 1.6 PMMA polymer Ex. 9 10 wt % (mw 75000) Comp. 3.5 μm A)PMMA-St Total: 0.245 A): n = 1.555 PMMA polymer Ex. 10 Two-types B) St(A) 0.22 B): n = 1.6 10 wt % particles mixed B) 0.025) (mw 75000) systemComp. 13.50 μm 13.5 μm-PMMA Total: 0.06 13.5 μm-n = 1.535 PMMA polymerEx. 11 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (13.5 μm-0.22 3.5 μm-n = 1.60 10 wt % Mixedparticle 3.5 μm-0.04) (mw 75000) system Comp. 3.5 μm St 0.05 n = 1.5 CAPEx. 12 1.25 wt % Comp. 13.50 μm 13.5 μm-PMMA Total: 0.12 13.5 μm-n =1.535 PMMA polymer Ex. 13 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (13.5 μm-0.04 3.5 μm-n = 1.6010 wt % Mixed particle 3.5 μm-0.08) (mw 75000) system Comp. 3.5 μm St0.09 n = 1.6 CAP Ex. 14 1.25 wt % Comp. 9.0 μm 9.0 μm-PMMA Total: 0.489.0 μm-n = 1.535 PMMA polymer Ex. 15 3.5 μm 3.5 μm-St (9.0 μm-0.2 3.5μm-n = 1.60 10 wt % Mixed particle 3.5 μm-0.28) (mw 75000) systemSolvent composition Difference in (Ratio of refractive index toluene tocoating between light Binder coating transparent fine Refractivecomposition particles and Monomer ratio index component) binder Comp. ↓↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 2 Comp. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 3 Comp. UV17003 1.52 Toluene 0.08 Ex. 4Urethan acrylate (40 wet %) Comp. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 5 Comp. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex. 6Comp. PETA:M215 = 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.025 Ex. 7 60:40 wt %80:20 wt % (40.5 wet %) Comp. PETA:M215 = 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone = 0.025 Ex. 8 65:35 wt % 80:20 wt % 0.09 (40.5 wet %) Comp. PETA:MPHA =1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone = 0.09 Ex. 9 95:5 wt % 70:30 wt % (38.0 wet%) Comp. PETA:M215 = 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.045 Ex. 10 60:40 wt% 60:40 wt % 0.09 (38.0 wet %) Comp. PETA:M215 = 1.51Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.025 Ex. 11 65:35 wt % 60:40 wt % 0.09 (38.0wet %) Comp. PETA = 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone = 0.09 Ex. 12 100 wt %70:30 wt % (38.0 wet %) Comp. PETA:M215 = 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone = 0.025 Ex. 13 65:35 wt % 60:40 wt % 0.09 (38.0 wet %) Comp. PETA = 1.51Toluene:cyclohexanone = 0.09 Ex. 14 100 wt % 70:30 wt % (35.0 wet %)Comp. PETA = 1.51 Toluene:cyclohexanone =  0.025 Ex. 15 100 wt % 80:20wt % 0.09 (40 wet %)

TABLE 2 Evaluation 1 Electrical Ha Hi Reflection surface EvaluationEvaluation Evaluation Hi/Ha (%) (%) Hs (%) Srn Oa Rz Y value resistance2 3 4 Ex. 1 0.93 56.0 52.1 3.9 165 0.40 0.54 — — ◯ ⊚ ◯ (* llo low-(*Artistatic layer; refractive overrange for index antistatic layer-layer: 4%) free product) Ex. 2 0.95 31.3 30.3 1.0 161 0.65 0.72 — — ◯ ⊚◯ Ex. 3 0.97 30.6 30.0 0.8 185 0.52 0.51 2.4% — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 4 0.97 32.031.1 0.9 187 0.54 0.39 1.9% 3.2 × 10¹² ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 5 0.97 34.5 33.6 0.9150 0.48 0.58 0.9% — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 6 0.95 35.1 33.3 1.8 143 0.70 0.77 — 20 ×10¹² ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 7 0.04 40.1 38.5 1.6 104.6 1.18 1.183 — 20 × 10¹² ◯ ⊚ ◯Ex. 8 0.98 38.8 38.2 0.6 106 1.16 1.179 1.8% — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 9 0.85 1.4 1.20.2 119 0.42 0.70 — — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 10 0.99 26.8 26.5 0.3 212 0.47 0.66 — —◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 11 0.85 31.2 26.5 4.7 110 1.1 1.1 — — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 12 0.90 5.04.5 0.5 170 0.52 0.75 — — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 13 0.95 28.3 25.9 1.4 65 0.49 0.56 —— ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 14 0.98 27.5 27 0.5 72 0.37 0.27 1.2% — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 15 0.9015.5 14 1.5 102 0.56 0.64 — — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 16 0.85 5.9 5 0.9 92 0.41 0.54 —— ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 17 0.93 5.4 5 0.4 103 0.33 0.21 1.2% — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 18 0.85 6.85.6 1.0 130 0.73 0.59 — — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 19 0.83 6.3 5.2 1.1 77 0.45 0.55 — —◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 20 0.94 7.2 6.6 0.4 360 0.54 1.04 — — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 21 0.93 7.46.9 0.5 480 0.42 0.81 — — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Ex. 22 0.99 85 84 1.0 162 0.42 0.5 — — ◯⊚ ◯ Ex. 23 0.96 73.5 72 1.5 150 0.43 0.52 — — ◯ ⊚ ◯ Comp. Ex. 1 0.9918.6 0.1 18.5 65.2 1.892 1.213 — — X X ◯ Comp. Ex. 2 0.60 0.5 0.2 0.3720.4 0.393 0.611 — — ◯ ◯ X Comp. Ex. 3 1.00 22.4 0.1 22.3 82.3 2.1351.451 — — X X ◯ Comp. Ex. 4 0.69 38.2 26.4 11.8 77 1.38 1.29 — — X ⊚ ◯Comp. Ex. 5 0.64 44.0 28.3 15.7 91 1.95 2.0 — — X ⊚ ◯ Comp. Ex. 6 0.5941.1 24.4 16.7 87 2.01 1.9 — — X ⊚ ◯ Comp. Ex. 7 0.25 5.0 1.2 3.8 88 1.71.1 — — X X ◯ Comp. Ex. 8 0.10 85 6 59.0 56 8.8 3.4 — — X ◯ ◯ Comp. Ex.9 0.73 36.5 27 9.5 77 1.7 1.5 — — X ⊚ ◯ Comp. Ex. 10 0.54 28 15 13.0 701.2 1.5 — — X ◯ ◯ Comp. Ex. 11 0.93 6.4 6 0.4 650 0.31 0.52 — — ◯ X XComp. Ex. 12 1.00 10 10 0.0 58 0.04 0.26 — — ◯ ◯ X Comp. Ex. 13 0.90 1110 1.0 553 0.56 1.7 — — ◯ X X Comp. Ex. 14 0.55 29 16 13.0 34 2.2 1.1 —— X ◯ ◯ Comp. Ex. 15 0.98 94.7 92 1.7 510 0.95 1.18 — — X White ⊚ X

1. An optical laminate comprising a light transparent base material andan anti-dazzling layer provided on the light transparent base material,wherein the anti-dazzling layer comprises a substrate concavoconvexlayer and a surface modifying layer formed thereon comprising colloidalsilica for regulating fluidity, the outermost surface of theanti-dazzling layer having a concavoconvex shape, and the opticallaminate satisfies the following requirements: Ha is more than 0% andless than 90%, Hi is more than 0% and less than 90%, Hi/Ha is not lessthan 0.8 and less than 1.0, Sm is not less than 50 μm and not more than500 μm, θa is not less than 0.1 degree and not more than 1.2 degrees,and Rz is more than 0.2 μm and not more than 1.2 μm, wherein Harepresents the whole haze value of the optical laminate, Hi representsthe internal haze value, Sm represents the average spacing ofconcavoconvexes in the anti-dazzling layer, θa represents the averageinclination angle of the concavoconvexes, and Rz represents the averageroughness of the concavoconvexes of the optical laminate.
 2. The opticallaminate according to claim 1, which has an Hs value of not less than0.1 and less than 6.0 wherein Hs represents the surface haze of theoptical laminate.
 3. The optical laminate according to claim 1, whereinthe anti-dazzling layer comprises a resin and fine particles.
 4. Theoptical laminate according to claim 3, wherein the difference n inrefractive index between the resin and the fine particles is more than 0and not more than 0.2.
 5. The optical laminate according to claim 4,wherein the lower limit value of the difference n in refractive indexbetween the resin and the fine particles is not less than 0.05.
 6. Theoptical laminate according to claim 3, wherein the difference n inrefractive index between the resin and the fine particles is more than 0and not more than 0.05.
 7. The optical laminate according to claim 3,wherein the fine particles are inorganic fine particles or organic fineparticles.
 8. The optical laminate according to claim 3, wherein thefine particles are aggregation-type fine particles.
 9. The opticallaminate according to claim 3, wherein the fine particles have anaverage particle diameter R of not less than 1.0 μm and not more than 20μm.
 10. The optical laminate according to claim 3, wherein 80% of thetotal number of the fine particles has an average particle diameterdistribution of R±1.0 μm wherein R represents the average particlediameter of the fine particles.
 11. The optical laminate according toclaim 3, wherein the fine particles and the resin satisfy a requirementfor the total weight ratio per unit area between the fine particles andthe resin of m/M =not less than 0.01 and not more than 1.2 wherein mrepresents the total weight per unit area of the fine particles; and Mrepresents the total weight of the resin per unit area.
 12. The opticallaminate according to claim 3, wherein the fine particles are of two ormore types.
 13. The optical laminate according to claim 3, wherein theresin comprises an ionizing radiation curing resin and a heat curingresin.
 14. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein theanti-dazzling layer further comprises one material or a mixture of twoor more materials selected from the group consisting ofelectroconductive agents, refractive index regulators, contaminationinhibitors, water repellents, oil repellents, fingerprint adhesionpreventive agents, highly curing agents, and hardness regulators. 15.The optical laminate according to claim 14, wherein theelectroconductive agent is electroconductive fine particles or anelectroconductive polymer.
 16. The optical laminate according to claim1, wherein the surface modifying layer comprises one material or amixture of two or more materials selected from the group consisting ofantistatic agents, refractive index regulators, contaminationinhibitors, water repellents, oil repellents, fingerprint adhesionpreventive agents, highly curing agents, and hardness regulators. 17.The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the anti-dazzlinglayer has on its surface a low-refractive index layer having a lowerrefractive index than the refractive index of the anti-dazzling layer,and the refractive index of the low-refractive index layer is lower thanthe refractive index of the surface modifying layer.
 18. A polarizingplate comprising a polarizing element, wherein the polarizing elementhas an optical laminate according to claim 1 provided on the surface ofthe polarizing element, the optical laminate being provided so that thesurface of the optical laminate remote from the anti-dazzling layerfaces the surface of the polarizing element.
 19. An image display devicecomprising: a transmission display; and a light source device forapplying light to the transmission display from its backside, wherein anoptical laminate according to claim 1 is provided on the surface of thetransmission display.
 20. The optical laminate according to claim 1,which is applied on the outermost surface of a cathode-ray tube displaydevice (CRT), a plasma display (PDP), an electroluminescent (ELD), or aliquid crystal display (LCD).
 21. The optical laminate according toclaim 1, wherein the anti-dazzling layer has been formed by applying acomposition for an anti-dazzling layer onto the surface of the lighttransparent base material.
 22. The optical laminate according to claim1, wherein the anti-dazzling layer has been formed by applying acomposition for an anti-dazzling layer onto the surface of the lighttransparent base material and curing the coating.
 23. The opticallaminate according to claim 1, wherein Ha is more than 0.3% and lessthan 70% and wherein Hi is more than 0.1% and less than 55%.